摘  要

翻译——作为语言沟通的桥梁，对中国历史文化乃至世界历史文化的形成、传播以及与域外文化的交流和融汇都起到了十分重大的作用。“假朋友”是英汉互译中普遍存在的问题，其原因在于英汉两种语言在语言和语言所承载的文化上存在的差异。“假朋友”不但是翻译中的陷阱，也是外语学习中的盲区，因此对“假朋友”进行相应的研究十分必要。国内外学者对此均有研究，有做过举例性的描述，只是较系统的研究上不多，提出的可行性办法也不多。所以，本文通过定性分析和对比分析，以翻译实践中大量“假朋友”的案例为依据，分析英汉翻译中“假朋友”的各种不同的表现形式，总结出“假朋友” 是两种语言中存在“形同异义”的情况。在此基础上，本文得出结论：“假朋友”是不可避免的，只要我们对此能有一个较清醒的认识，加强两种语言的语言和文化修养，在翻译或外语学习中时刻保持一种警惕的心理，就可以尽量避免误入这种貌合神离的“假朋友”陷阱。

关键词：“假朋友”；英译汉；语言运用能力；文化交流

Abstract

Translation plays an important role in forming and spreading Chinese culture even the world culture, also it has a friendly relation with outside culture. “False Friends” is a common phenomenon that has existed in English-Chinese translation. The main causes are the linguistic differences and cultural differences between the Chinese and English languages. Though English is a part of people’s lives, not many translators are really proficient at it and that’s why “False Friend” becomes a serious problem that hampers intercultural communication. Therefore, it is meaningful to explore this problem, and come up with some solutions. “False Friend” is not only a trap in translation, but also a dead zone for learners. Many scholars have recently done a lot of researches on “False Friend” in E-C translation. But there haven’t been systematic theories or feasible solutions. Thus the paper has studied some of its manifestations based on contrastive analysis of some error translations, and pointed out that “False Friend” had the phenomenon of perfect homonyms and homophones. “False Friend” is objective and inevitable. Translators are required not only to master Chinese and English, but also to be familiar with the language usage, thought patterns and life backgrounds in English-speaking countries. In conclusion, translators are easy to make mistakes because they usually translate the meaning of the words or sentences superficially. But on the other hand, if we strengthen the study of English theory, improve both English and Chinese level, practice translation more, and increase the ability of studying language and culture as well as have a serious attitude towards translation, all the mistakes can probably be avoided.

Key words: “False Friend”; E-C translation; language proficiency; cultural knowledge