摘要

    字，又称表字，是古代的中国人在名字之外，为自己取的与本名意义相关的别名。“名之与字，义相比驸”，这其中的“义相比附”就是古人取字的依据。号也叫别称、别字、别号。中国人常见的号有自号、封爵、谥号和绰号。字、号是中华民族的传承，是中国文化的一部分，对于字、号的研究，有助于后人更好的了解中国文化及名字内涵。字、号的翻译亦遵循“信达雅”的原则。“信”指准确传达原文的内容，即信于作者和读者。“达”是指译文使用标准汉语，即译文语言应通俗明白，不应模棱两可、晦涩难懂，不滥用陈词滥调，繁文缛节，也不应有粗枝大叶的错误。“雅”指译文的美学价值，它体现在修辞、文体、韵律、诗意和心理等五个方面。
关键词：字；号；文化内涵；翻译

Abstract
    Courtesy name, also known as secondary personal name, is an alias which is taken by him or her. In ancient China, there are different forms of courtesy name. When you take a courtesy name, you should obey some rules. Literary name also called poetic name or assumed name. The common literary names in China are alias, official name, posthumous title and nickname. Both courtesy name and literary name are inheritance of our nation and also they are a part of our Chinese culture. The study of them contributes to a better understanding of Chinese culture and the cultural connotation of Chinese courtesy name and literary name. The translation of courtesy name and literary name also follows the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”.

Key words: courtesy name; literary name; cultural connotation; translation

1. Introduction
    Name is very familiar to us. Each of us has our own name and it contains profound meanings. When you are born, your parents or your relative will give you a name. But why we should have a name? Firstly, name is a kind of symbol which shows the existence of somebody in the world. Secondly, name is a kind of symbol which can differ from one person to another. Thirdly, name is necessary for daily communication. Fourthly, the birth of a baby means that a family has a qualified successor, so parents or the elder will give their child a name with best wishes(郑宝倩 1993:2-4). The essence of the name is a marked symbol and also a special address for a person(胡小梅，许之所 2006:70). Name around the world can be divided into three classes. Take Han people, for example, the form of the name is surname plus first name. Take British and Americans for example, the form of the name is first name plus surname. Take Arab for example, they only have surname without first name(郑宝倩1993:6). Name is the carrier for culture.