Abstract

Listening plays a decisive role in language acquisition. No matter in study or in daily life, it is necessary to enhance the ability to listen. However, in China, due to the lack of English language environment, listening is a weakness of the Chinese. Based on the conflict between the importance and present situation of listening, some existing problems in English Listening will be put forward, such as the disregard for pronunciation of vocabulary,listen to word for word or sentence for sentence during listening, lack of entirety and cultural background. In this thesis, according to the four Law of Organization of Gestalt Theory:Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Simplicity, some subjective solutions will be given to improve English Listening. Through the application of Gestalt Theory of Learning in this thesis, students should realize the importance of vocabulary, grammar and cultural background during English Listening. On the basis of mastering the fundamental English knowledge, students can be skilled in applying them into English Listening by having a good sense of entirety, analysing the structure of sentences and focusing on the main idea of an article so that to make great progress on English Listening.
 
Keywords: Gestalt Theory of Learning  listening  Law of Organization  application

摘要

听力在语言习得的过程中有着举足轻重的地位，无论是在学习过程之中还是在日常生活里，它都扮演着无比重要的角色。然而，在中国，由于缺乏语言环境，听力往往是英语学习中的薄弱环节。所以，基于听力的重要性与听力学习现状之间的矛盾，本文针对英语听力学习中学生在记忆时不重视单词读音、听力过程中逐字逐句听、缺乏整体观、缺少背景文化知识等问题，根据格式塔学习理论中的四个完型法则即相近、相似、封闭、简单提出相应地主观改善措施。通过本文提出的四个完型法则在听力学习中的应用，学生应该认识到词汇、语法以及文化背景知识在听力学习中的重要性，并且在牢固掌握这些基本知识的基础上转换成听力技巧即有全局观、快速分析句子结构、提炼文章大意等，将它们熟练地应用到听力学习中，最终达到提高英语听力的目的。

关键词: 格式塔学习理论；听力；完型法则；应用

1.1    The Background of Learning English Listening
Listening is one of the four core skills of language acquisition and the other three are speaking, reading and writing. Listening and reading are passive or receptive skills while speaking and writing are productive or active skills.
As babies, listening is the first ability to be owned during the period to be aware of language. People first listen to parents or family members talk and then start to copy the words they hear and this will eventually develop into speaking in sentences of one’s first language. So it is clear that listening is important for learners of any language. There is a study in 1950 which is still cited nowadays, it was founded that 45% of communication was listening,30% speaking,16% reading and 9% writing. What’s more, there is another study which showed that 70% of waking time is spent communicating, only serves to underline how essential the skill of listening is.