摘 要

美国哲学家Grice认为，在所有的语言交际活动中为了达到特定的目标，说话人和听话人之间存在着一种默契，一种双方都应该遵守的原则，他称这种原则为会话的合作原则（Cooperative Principle”，简称CP）。本文旨在从违反合作原则四个准则——数量原则、质量原则、关系原则、方式原则这一角度切入，着重分析生活中的日常对话，进一步探讨语言在实际生活中产生的特殊会话含义并预测其达到的效果，从而对当代中国大学生的语言表达的理解和学习产生积极作用并提高交际能力。

关键词：合作原则；违反合作原则；会话含义；语用效果

Abstract

In social science generally and linguistics specifically, the Cooperative Principle (CP for short) describes how people interact with one another. As phrased by Paul Grice, who introduced it, it states, "Make your contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged." This thesis will focus on the detailed analysis of the daily conversation by flouting the CP theory including the Maxim of Quantity, the Maxim of Quality, the Maxim of Relation, the Maxim of Manner. Then what the special conversational implicatures and pragmatic effects are in the realization of language will be further explored vividly and clearly. Therefore, it will present the contemporary Chinese college students the better understanding of language expression and help them to improve the communicative competence.

Keywords: the Cooperative Principle, violation of the maxims, implicatures, pragmatic effects

1.    Introduction

The Cooperative Principle Theory is put forward by Grice. Many scholars at home and abroad have studied the Cooperative Principle Theory from different perspectives. Kasher (1976) poses the “Rationalization Principal”, as an alternative explanation for the operation of implicature in his Conversational Maxims and Rationality. Sperber and Wilson (1986) developed their Relevance theory, which He Zhaoxiong regards as not merely a simple continuation but more of a supplement and development of Grice’s theory (2000:187). Leech (1983) and Brown & Levison (1978; 1987) have extended the CP into what has been known as the Politeness Theory. Ever since Grice’s theory was introduced to China, researchers, including He Ziran (1984), Wang Junduan (1996), Shang Xiaoming(1999),Zhou Hong (2003), Dun Guangang(1996), began to examine its contribution to foreign language teaching (FLT). According to their researches, the CP and Conversational Implicature Theory are helpful in the teaching of listening, reading, writing and conversation.