The Reflection of the Differences between American Constitutionalism and Chinese Constitutionalism on Constitution Texts
Abstract
Although China and America both chosen Republic as the base of the country’s politic structure, the constitutions are totally different due to the differences of constitutionalism. Although there has been a lot of discussion on this topic in the law field, rare discussions connected to how this kind of difference reflected on constitutions.
On the other hand, although legal documents are becoming more important in linguistics research these days, rare results were made due to the high requirement of researcher’s comprehensive quality.
This paper’s goal is to find out how the differences of constitutionalism reflected on constitution. First, based on materials, this paper analysis the differences between American Constitutionalism and Chinese Constitutionalism. Then, based on traditional theory of thematische progression, this paper will combine many different theories to develop the T-T-P system. Finally, this system will be used to find out how the differences of constitutionalism reflected on constitutions.
Key words: constitutionalism, constitution, theme, T-T-P system, discourse analysis
摘        要
中国与美国虽然都最终选择了共和政体作为其国家的基本政治体制，但由于两国宪政理念之不同，最终各自制定出的宪法并不相同。虽然此类不同已在法学界被反复讨论，但其对于宪法文本的影响却极少被提及。
在另一方面，虽然近年来法律语篇作为语言学的研究材料逐步开始得到重视，但因为其要求研究者在具备语言学基础的同时具有一定的法学基础，研究难度相对较大，所以研究人员相对较少、成果较少。
本文试图通过对宪法文本的语篇分析来解释中美两国宪政思想之不同对于其各自宪法文本的影响。首先，基于有关著作，本文将对中美两国各自的宪政理念及其特点进行比较，并找出其不同。其次，基于传统的主位推进程序理论，本文将对法律条文的主位分析、作用分析与其程序性分析结合起来，发展出专门用于法律语篇分析的T-T-P系统。最后，本文将T-T-P系统投入应用，对中美两国宪法文本进行语篇分析，以探究两国宪政理念之不同在宪法文本中于主位、结构、句群作用等方面的表现。
关键词： 宪政理念，宪法文本，主位，T-T-P系统，语篇分析