摘  要

美国语言学家格赖斯在1967年提出了合作原则，之后英国语言学家利奇•杰弗里在合作原则的基础上进行了补充，产生了得体、慷慨、赞扬、谦逊、一致、同情等六条礼貌原则。中国顾曰国教授随后也提出了贬己尊人，称呼，文雅，求同，德、言、行的五条准则。本篇论文主要是通过对比利奇和顾曰国教授各自的礼貌原则，并结合中美实际事例，来得出中美礼貌原则的异同。由于全球化的普及，不同的文化背景存在着不同的礼貌原则，这就要求我们对不同的礼貌原则有着较基础的认知，从而更轻易地达到沟通的目的。中美由于不同的文化背景使得双方为人处事也有不同。

关键词：礼貌原则；准则；对比；沟通

Abstract

    American linguist Grice has put forward principles of cooperation in 1967. After him, a British linguist Ridge. Jeffrey complements and redraws the politeness principles on the basis of the principles of cooperation, which are Tact Maxim, Generosity Maxim, Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim, and Sympathy Maxim. What's more, Chinese Professor Gu Yueguo has also made out a set of his own politeness norms. They can be described as respectfulness, modesty, attitudinal warmth, and refinement. In order to get the similarities and differences of politeness principles between America and China, this paper compares Leech's principle with Professor Gu Yueguo's, and talking about some affairs that happened in these two countries. With the development of today's society, globalization is getting more and more hotter, people with different cultural background have different politeness principles, which also can be called as courtesy generation gap. It requires people to have a more basic identification on different politeness principles, and thus people can achieve the purpose of communication more easily. Because of diverse cultural backgrounds, the ways we deal with are similarly discrepant. Moreover, the communication between China and the United States is getting increased. What kind of role China played in the world decided the number of communication it needed. Therefore, this research focus on the differences of Sino-US Politeness Principles. Through this study, we can learn how to communicate with others fluently and how to make both of us satisfied.

Key words: communication; politeness principles; politeness norms; contrast

1 Introduction
According to the history, politeness is one of the social characteristics. In the late fifties of the 20th century, a famous English philosopher J. Austin has put forward a principle called speech act theory. This theory contains three levels of the contents, which are named as locutionary act, perlocutionary act, and the illocutionary act. The core of the principle is that people can use language to accomplish some certain behavior. Some years later, an American philosopher J. R. Searle improved the theory from Austin, and got it forward. Because he believes that the theory of Austin has some limitations which simply studied the speech act under the situation of no any other context.