摘  要

  随着全球化商业交流的发展，书写商务电函在国际间的重要性越来越大。辨别具体的内容，思想的组织，想法，和外贸电函中的参考在一般的结构外贸电函中很清晰。虽然在那些不同语言的图解结构的外贸电函中没有。为了这个目的波斯外贸电函被分析是着眼于当地公司的一些信息。这些电函是被研究过的，用santos的谈判模型，去发现一般的结构，语言语法和礼貌语结构。除了一些其他步骤，这两个语料库是相对相似的信息交换虽然他们明显不同的使用积极的和消极的礼貌策略和应用不同形式的指令。询盘信的重要作用在跨文化调查这样的信件。
书写外贸电函在商务交流和国际交流扩展中都是不可或缺的一部分。具体内容的定义，思想的组织，创意和外贸电函中的参考在一般的结构外贸电函中很清晰。这个结构广泛的包含在语言学和社会沟通学，特别是在Swales和Bhatia的学术研究中。这个外贸电函的一般结构被沟通意图所划分，用来形成语言语法学选择和内容的文体风格。（Swales 1990；Bhatia 1997）。
图解的结构也像家庭相似一样也被研究发现可以分成不同的书信通过一种语言来定义他们的一般形态，但是还是存在一些以交流为目的的研究用不同的语言，忽视社会，政治，和文化背景形成一般的形式。我们不清楚像波斯语写的外贸电函或者总的来说那些存在社会或者文化因素形成的外贸电函。而且书写外贸电函在英语扮演重要角色的21世纪的全球经融化的今天。所以很清楚我们很有必要去了解一般规范和语言和让商务沟通凝聚在一起的方法。类型的变化响应用户的需求和情况的变化发生(Paltridge 2005),因此文本组织是受到环境的影响，它发生(1990年韩礼德和Ruqaiya)。因此,有效的商务写作,特殊,不仅意味着生产一个文本解决一个特定的观众,但如何文本反映了标准、价值观和组织(Gunnarson的结构1997)。

关键词：商业电函，语法结构，语言学，礼貌用语  

ABSTRACT

With the globalization of business interaction, writing business letters seems to be necessary as international networks continue to expand. Identifying specific content,  organization  of thoughts, ideas, and references of business letters becomes clear only if one maintains generic structures of letters; yet the schematic structure of such letters have not been broadly addressed across different languages. To this end, 200 English and Persian business letters were analyzed focusing on the purpose of enquiring information from local and international companies. These letters were investigated, following Santos’ (2002) model of negotiation, to explore the generic structure, lexicogrammaticality, and politeness strategies. With a few exceptions in some sub-steps, the two corpora were relatively similar in the exchange of information though they differed considerably in the use of positive and negative politeness strategies and in applying different forms of directives. The important role that an enquiry letter plays in the creation of organizational knowledge and in the functional work necessitates further cross-cultural investigations of such letters.
Shared schematic structures as “family resemblance” (Swales 1990:49) can be observed in several recent studies on different letters (Cheung 2007; Ghadessy 1993; Kameda 2008; Santos 2002) in just one language to identify their generic configurations, but there has been little research on communicative purposes of business letters across different languages, ignoring the social, political, and cultural backgrounds in shaping generic patterns. We know little about business letters written across languages like Persian, and whether, in general, there exist any social or 37.2 (July 2011) 310 cultural factors that shape writing business letters. Moreover, writing business letters is an important element of communication in the current global economy of which English plays an ever-increasingly important role at the beginning of the 21st century. There is, thus, a clear need to recognize generic specifications of such letters, to find elements of effective communications and to find the significance of culture and the way in which language and business communication come together. Genres change in response to users’ needs and changes in the situations in which they occur (Paltridge 2005), and so text organization is affected by the context in which it occurs (Halliday and Ruqaiya 1990). Therefore, effective business writing, in particular, does not only mean producing a text to address a specific audience but how the text reflects the standards, values, and structure of the organization (Gunnarson 1997).

KEY WORDS:  business letter, generic structure, lexico-grammaticality, politeness strategies