Abstract：
With the development of the society, different countries and races of people frequently contact and exchange with each other, so politeness principle seems to be an important principle during the cross-cultural communication. Politeness is a medicine to deal with interpersonal communication, therefore, it is essential for us to have some knowledge of politeness principles. Politeness is also the skills that help us to deal with interpersonal communication. A skillful person in a conversation needs to possess some knowledge on interpersonal relationship, and politeness principle is a very useful knowledge. Politeness is a symbol of human civilization, it is a common phenomenon in human society, people should follow the general politeness principle, but different cultures have different standards and measures about the expression of politeness. This paper introduces Geoffrey Leech’s politeness principle and Chinese scholars’ own politeness principles. They all have their own ideas about politeness, their ideas have commom courtesy and they also have many differences. In this paper, there is the comparative analysis of politeness principles between Chinese and western countries, and then it will expolre the cultural roots of these differences. Cultural differences between China and western countries cause people to have different understanding of the politeness principle, and whether we can communicate smoothly or not is also restricted by culture. Based on Geoffrey Leech’s politeness principle, this paper find the similarities and differences of the concept of politeness by comparing the English and Chinese culture, it also researches the politeness phenomenon of different connotations in-depth analysis of eastern and western cultures with a view to reduce the pragmatic failure in the cross-cultural communication, enhance awareness of cultural differences and improve the capabilities in the cross-cultural communication.

Key words：politeness principle; cross-cultural communication; cultural differences; phenomenon

摘  要：
随着社会的发展，不同国家，不同种族的人们频繁的接触与交流，因此，礼貌原则成为了跨文化交际中的一项重要准则。礼貌是处理人际沟通的一剂良药，了解一些礼貌原则的知识是必要的。礼貌也是帮助我们处理人际沟通的技能，一个善于交际的人必须具有一些人际关系的知识，礼貌原则就是重要的知识。礼貌是人类文明的象征，是人类社会的普遍现象，在言语交际中人们应该遵循礼貌这一普遍原则，然而不同的文化有着不同的礼貌衡量标准及表达方式。在文中介绍了Leech的礼貌原则以及一些中国学者定义的礼貌原则。他们都持有自己的观点，他们的观点既有相似之处也有许多不同点。本文比较分析了中西方的礼貌原则，并探讨了这些差异的文化根源。中西方文化的差异使得人们对于礼貌原则有不同的理解，而人们的交流是否顺畅也受不同文化的制约。本文依据Leech的礼貌原则，通过比较英汉文化中礼貌观念的异同，深入剖析了中西方文化中礼貌现象的不同内涵，以期减少人们在跨文化交际中的语用失误，增强文化差异意识，提高跨文化交际的能力。

关键词： 礼貌原则；跨文化交际；文化差异；现象