Abstract：Foreign language learner’s language – interlanguage may fossilize at any stage when it develops from the learners’ mother tongue of its development and greatly influences the proficiency of target language with the errors of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. It is also a common phenomenon in second language acquisition and greatly influences the proficiency of target language. Due to fossilization’s complexity and variability, it is an obstacle for the development of second language learners’ interlanguage. Therefore, this paper begins with the definitions of fossilization, and turn to focus on the strategies to reduce fossilization and some suggestions for our learning. Firstly, the author introduces the origin of fossilization including the definition of fossilization, the classification of fossilization and the theories of fossilization that scholars have studied before. Then, the author introduces the definition and the features of interlanguage in part 2. While in part 3, the author give the definition of fossilization, classified the phenomenon, and explain the causes include linguistic factors and extralinguistic factors. In part 4, some more important methods and strategies are given to reduce fossilization. The methods can increase the quality of second language input, enhance the motivation, and so on. Finally, through the analysis the author give a conclusion to the paper to help learners reduce the fossilization though fossilization cannot be avoided.

Key words：interlanguage; second language; fossilization; defossilization

摘  要：
外语学习者生产的语言——中介语在向目的语过渡的任何阶段,伴随着语音，语法和词汇方面都会产生僵化或石化现象，这也是二语习得中的普遍现象。由于石化的复杂性和多变性，它成为外语学习者中介语发展的巨大障碍。因此本文从分析石化的定义入手，在明确石化的复杂性和多变性的基础上，将研究目标确立在解决石化现象的方法及对英语学习者的启示上面。首先，作者介绍了石化的根源，包括石化的定义，石化的分类以及近几十年来的石化现象研究理论。然后在第二章，作家介绍了中介语的定义及其特征。而在第三章中，作者对石化现象给出了适当的定义，并将石化现象进行分类，且给出了影响石化现象的原因,包括语言学方面的因素和非语言学方面的。在第四章中，介绍了比较重要的减少和预防石化现象的方法。包括第二语言输入的质量,提高动机等。最后，作者对全文进行了总结，来帮助学习者降低石化错误的程度，尽管己形成的石化错误无法彻底根除。

关键词：中介语；二语习得；僵化；防止僵化

1 Introduction
The systematic study of how people acquire a second language is a common phenomenon in the second half of the twentieth century. The appearance of this phenomenon is perhaps no accident. This has been a time of communication all over the world, when the communication has enlarged beyond their local speech communities. In such an age, people had to learn a second language, not simply for fun or love of alien customs, but often as a means of obtaining an education or securing a good employment.