Abstract:
 Cognitive context mainly includes propositions, knowledge scripts, psychological schemata and socio-psychological representations. According to Relevance Theory by Sperber and Wilson, context is a cognitive dynamic process; its elements are not stative one, yet they are a set of changeable propositions. Therefore, being dynamic is its most prominent characteristics. Compared with traditional context, cognitive context is the new view of the context studying and the scholars’ research mostly concentrates on its definition and ingredients before. However, there is no more concentration on the studying about the basic characters of the cognitive context. From the view of cognitive pragmatics, the fundamental characters of the cognitive context can be generalized as the characters of the gestalt, on the basic of the humanity and the dynamic. Fully realizing these three characters will help us to study the “context” deeply, to promote the communication and understanding each other. Cognitive context is dynamic, and the success of communication depends on cognitive context. The author believes that the process of communication is the participating process of hypotheses of cognitive context of the both sides of communication, that the success of communication mainly relies on the continuous choice and adjustment of the hypotheses of cognitive context on the basis of relevance and that the success of communication also lies in the mutual understanding of cognitive context.

Key words: cognitive context; communication; relevance theory; language comprehension

摘 要：
认知语境主要是由命题、知识草案、心理图式及社会心理表征等因素构成的。根据关联理论，语境是一个认知的动态构建过程。认知语境不是静止的参数，而是一系列处于发展和变化中的命题。因此，动态性是认知语境最显著的特点。与传统语境相比，认知语境是语境探究的新视角,前人的研究大都集中在它的定义和构成上,对其基本特征的探讨不够深入。从认知语用学的角度看,认知语境的基本特征可概括为完形性、人本性和动态性。充分认识认知语境的这三个基本特征将有助于语境研究的深化,促进人与人之间的相互沟通和理解。认知语境是动态的,话语交际的成功依赖认知语境。本文认为,话语交际过程是交际双方认知语境假设的参与过程,话语交际成功的关键在于在关联性的基础上对认知语境的假设进行不断的选择和调整,话语交际的成功在于认知环境的互明。

关键词：认知语境；话语交际；认知语境；话语理解

1 The brief introduction of cognitive context
Pragmatic is also regarded as the study of context, which studies the interaction of connotations and denotations by means of context. Traditional context is an all-inclusive category. It contains one’s knowledge of language, context of language, time, place and topic of communication, way of talking, etc. However, cognitive context mainly consists of three pragmatically categories: situational knowledge, contextual knowledge and background knowledge. Most traditional context factors manifest and recessive content on language of the direct occasions.