摘　要

职业发展道路的设计或者变更，决定着一个人职业生涯的成功与失败，因此，选择正确的职业发展道路是一个人事业成功的重要因素。然而，女性作为社会的组成部分却不能享有和男性同样的权利，她们就业时受到歧视，工作后晋升机会受到限制，甚至与男子同工不同酬，职业发展受到各个方面的阻力，在职业生涯中不得不面对各种各样的困境。
本文主要从中国和美国女性职业发展入手，对两者进行比较，来探讨两者的差异.通过了解中美女性职业发展的研究背景，研究其面临的现状、影响因素。在此基础上，通过一系列的分析，提出中美女性职业发展障碍的对策，为女性职业发展生涯取得更好发展提供切入点。

关键词: 职业发展；障碍；玻璃天花板；对策；职业规划

Abstract

   To design or change the career development paths determine the success and failure of one's career, therefore to choose the correct career development path is an important factor for ones' successful enterprise. However, the female actually cannot enjoy the same rights as well as the male. They receive discrimination when get employed. The opportunity for promoting is restricted after work, even same labor but different reward compared with the male. The career development receives resistance from each aspect, thus they can not but face various difficult positions during career. 
This article mainly starts with career development of Chinese and American female to compare and discuss their difference. It studies present situations, influencing factors, through the background research of the career development of Chinese and American female. Furthermore it proposes the barrier's countermeasures of female career development and provides the breakthrough point for making a better progress of female career development.

Key words: career development; barrier; glass ceiling effect; countermeasure; career designing

1 Introduction
1.1 Research background

Globally, the proportion of sexes is in balance. The United Nations estimated that in 1995 when the world population reached 5.655 billion, women are 2.812 billions; accounting for 49.63% of the world population, sex ratio was 101.5. In developed regions, the female population is more than men, accounting for 51.39% of the population, sex ratio was 94.5; in developing regions, men are more than women, women accounted for 49.18% of the population, sex ratio was 103.3.