摘 要

礼仪的起源可以追溯到久远的原始时代，伴随着人类文化的诞生，与礼仪相关的点滴内容逐步出现，这在西方国家以及中国等地区都是如此。古代的礼仪活动，礼仪制度派生于早期的祭祀仪式，它们与原始的宗教有着直接的关系。作为一种文化现象，礼仪具有非常广泛的内容，其种类丰富多彩。就从禁忌和习俗的角度，又可分为数字礼仪，颜色礼仪，节日礼仪等等。本文就从禁忌这一方面专门剖析了礼仪中一个非常重要的部分即餐桌礼仪。首先从禁忌这一专门的词汇入手，逐步分析和阐明在餐桌礼仪文化中所要注意的禁忌内容。禁忌是与风俗密切相关的一个概念，是世界各国民族所共有的文化现象，只不过内容和表现形式不同而已。禁忌的产生除了是特定历史条件和特殊自然，地理环境下的产物，而且与社会文化、政治制度和宗教信仰有关。西藏是中国具有悠久文化历史的少数民族之一。包括藏族在内，世界上每一民族的文化中迷信与禁忌都与宗教信仰有着千丝万缕的联系。在这种情况下，禁忌文化和礼仪文化对彼此所产生的影响是必不可少的。正因如此，餐饮文化中所包含的禁忌文化内容有很多方面。在此，本文就以中国的少数民族藏族与西方国家在餐桌礼仪中的禁忌文化进行深刻的讨论及对比，从用餐礼仪，食物禁忌，禁忌俚语等三个主要方面入手。笔者希望能通过本文切实处理好礼仪与禁忌的关系，使它们相得益彰，促进国际交往及各地区各民族人民之间的相互了解和友谊。

关键词： 餐桌礼仪 风俗礼仪 禁忌 藏族 文化
 
Abstract

The origin of etiquette can be traced back to ancient times. Along with the starting of human culture there were many contents related to the etiquette, which are all true in Western countries and China, etc. Ancient ceremonial activities and etiquette system derived from the early rituals and have a direct relationship with original religion. As a cultural phenomenon, etiquette has a very wide range of content and rich types. From the point of taboos and customs, it can be divided into digital etiquette, color etiquette, festivals and more. This paper specifically analyzes the very important part of etiquette — table manners from the aspect of taboo. First, starting with the specific word “taboo”, there arises step by step analysis of table manners and cultural taboos .Taboo is a concept closely related to custom and it is a common national cultural phenomenon to countries in the world, but the content and form of expression is different. Taboo is not only the product of specific historical conditions and of the special natural and geographical environment, but also related to the socio-cultural, political systems and religious belief. Tibet, one of China's ethnic minorities, has a long history of culture, taboos and religious beliefs that are closely related in the whole world. In this case, cultural taboos and etiquette have impact on each other. In the case, the table culture contains many aspects of cultural taboos. In this paper, I’m going to discuss and compare the cultural taboos of table manners both in Tibetan and Western countries from three aspects like table manners, food taboos, and taboo slang three main aspects. Hopefully, through this paper we can effectively handle the relationship between etiquette and taboos, make them complement to each other and promote international exchanges, mutual understanding and friendship between the people of all ethnic groups.
 
Keywords:  table manner, custom manner, taboo, Tibet, culture