摘    要

道歉言语行为在语用学里是一个热门话题，通过研究发现，关于道歉行为的研究多集中于跨文化交际及性别比较等方面的横向研究，而对纵向的研究不多。很明显，这项研究要考虑到许多复杂的心理因素。在认识到青年一代自我意识加强这一现象的基础上，本文主要想从两代人代际差异所造成的道歉策略的不同上来研究道歉行为。本文假定两代人由于其成长的时代背景及价值观等因素的差异，造成的代际差异对道歉策略是有影响的。上一代人常使用的是保全听话人面子同时威胁说话人面子的道歉策略，相反地，青年一代更多的是运用策略修复自己受损的面子而不是勇于承担责任。本文通过对话填充测试方法和录音采访形式对本校出生在60年代的老师和出生在80年代的学生进行抽样调查，从而了解在特殊情境下不同年代出生的人会采用怎样的道歉方式。采访通过对陌生人、朋友、父母、年长者、老师对同学或同学对老师道歉时采用的道歉行为来进行比较分析，在面对不同的道歉情境时，两代人表现出维护自身面子或者维护群体和谐的不同特点。本文在验证假定的基础上，想研究解决的问题是怎样才是既维护自身面子又尊重他人面子的恰当的道歉行为，以期两代人在道歉策略方面取长补短，对我们提高人际交往能力提供一些建议。

关键词：道歉言语行为，策略，代际差异，面子，恰当

ABSTRACT

The speech act of apology has been the subject of extensive research in the fields of pragmatics. Studies on the speech act of apology mainly focus on the horizontal studies which usually comparing the differences between intercultural communication and gender, while only a few on the vertical study. It is clear that the speech act of apology takes many complicated and psychological issues into consideration. Based on the phenomenon that the young generation becomes more self-aware, this paper studies the speech act of apology from the perspective of generation differences. The hypothesis of this paper is that affected by their growth environment and the different generation values, two generations will have different strategies on apology. The preceding generation usually conducted apology as a face-saving for the hearer and face-threatening for the speaker, while instead of taking the responsibility, the young generation tends to use more strategies for repairing their damaged self-image. Through two instruments of Discourse Completion Test and the audio-recording, this paper makes an investigation on  University’s teachers born in 1960’s and students born in 1980’s. The interviewees asks five common situations calling for an apology, covering the apology situation faced to strangers, friends, parents, elder , and teachers or students. When facing these situations, the two generation uses different apology strategies to maintain the self-image or the social harmony. This thesis aims to test this hypothesis, and also hopes to find a way to solve the problem of neither losing self-image nor threatening other people’s face. In the end, this thesis suggests that the two generations should learn from each other, and find a way to make an appropriate apology.

Key words: the speech act of apology, strategies, generation differences, face, appropriateness