摘要

文化包括一切人类社会共享的产物。它不仅包括城市、社会组织、学校等物质的东西，而且也包括思想、习惯、家庭模式、语言等非物质的东西。简单地说，文化指的是“一个社会的整个生活方式，一个民族的全部生活方式”。
中西方文化在其各自长期发展的历史过程中，形成了自己的特色，带有民族的精神烙印。和谐社会中的文化建设应该传承文化中的精华，把民族文化中最优秀的东西作为和谐社会的基础，同时，融合西方文化的积极成果，创造出具有民族特色和时代精神的新文化。
跨文化交际就是不同文化背景的人们之间进行的交际。随着中国加入WTO， 国际交流日益频繁，不同文化的了解也显得更加重要。各民族思想文化虽有相同之外，但更多的是碰撞。其差异不仅体现在语言因素上，而且与说话者把本族语的文化习惯与交际模式用于非本族语的交际中有着密切的关系。
本文以东西方不同民族的文化中的习俗方面为切入点进行分析，在人与自然的关系上、在人与人的关系上、在对社会的责任方面、在民族性格方面，着重通过自我价值观、称谓和委婉语的表达、个人和社会在多元化世界的具体角色，即社区、友谊、关爱、真理、权力、战争、暴力、安定和平、福利、种族、环境保护意识多个方面的分析，以探究东西方的文化差异。通过对中西方传统文化的比较研究，对其差异优劣有比较客观平实的评价，更好地吸收西方文化的优秀合理部分，调节改造中国文化，促进中西方文化积极因素的有机结合，找出中西方文化交流过程中存在的问题，由此找到合理有效的解决交流障碍的具体方法，以加强双方的互信与合作。

关键词：跨文化交际，差异，文化习惯，社会习俗

Abstract

Culture, including all human societies share the product. It includes not only urban, social organizations, schools, and other material things, but also ideas, habits, family patterns, language and other non-material things. In short, culture refers to "a society as a whole way of life, a nation of all life."
Chinese and Western culture in their respective long-term histories of the development process, formed their own characteristics, with the spirit of nation branding. Building of culture in a harmonious society should be inheriting the essence of culture, the culture of the best things as the basis for a harmonious society, while the positive results of integration of Western culture to create a national culture characteristics and spirit of the times.Cross-cultural communication is between people of different cultural backgrounds. With China's accession to WTO, international exchanges are increasing the understanding of different cultures has become more important. Although the same ideology and culture of all ethnic groups outside, but more of a collision. The difference not only in linguistic factors, but also with the speaker to native cultural practices and communication patterns of communication for non-native has a close relationship.
This thesis analyzes the relationship between man and nature, in interpersonal relations, in social responsibilities, in the national character, focusing on values through echo, title, and the expression of euphemism, personal and social role in the diversification of the concrete world, that community, friendship, love, truth, power, war, violence, stability and peace, welfare, race, many aspects of environmental protection awareness, to explore the cultural differences between China and West. Tthrough a comparative study of pros and cons, we can find their differences are more objective and balanced assessment, to better absorb a reasonable portion of the outstanding Western culture, regulate transformation of Chinese culture, promote the positive elements of Western culture, the organic integration, to identify Western cultural problems in the process and finally to find a reasonable solution to communication barriers and effective concrete ways to strengthen mutual trust and cooperation.
   
Key words: social customs,  difference,  cross-cultural communication