摘    要

茶，在中国的很早以前就很受人们欢迎。它的文化在中国封建时代的全盛时期——唐朝（618 – 905）的初步形成。经济，社会和文化的繁荣和密切的对外交流为唐代茶文化提供了萌芽的沃土。
十八世纪茶叶成为中英关系的纽带，但也成为是中英鸦片战争的一大起因之一。印度作为英国的殖民地，在当时以东印度公司为名与中国产生了冲突。另外，北美的独立战争也与英国和茶叶有关。小小的茶叶竟然可以悄无声息的影响着世界格局的变化。工人们因下午茶而延长了工作时间，茶叶削弱了工业革命所带来的城市化的不良影响，都在显示茶叶与工业革命存在一些内在关联。
各国的茶文化都有所不同。而茶叶能给人们带来健康是不得不提的。茶叶的药物疗效和成分是当时英国和印度第一次从中国引进茶叶的理由。由沸水煮的茶是有杀菌作用的。
英国，尤其是伦敦，有一套完善的茶叶经营模式，对中国具有很好的借鉴作用。在加入联合国贸易组织后，中国的茶叶出口总量增加但是外汇减少，原因在于国外茶叶进口国和地区对中国设置了贸易壁垒。转变茶叶生产模式、健全茶叶经营机制和培养绿色生产、消费意识是中国面对这一茶业困境的三个解决措施。

关键词：鸦片战争，北美独立战争，工业革命，茶文化，茶业经营模式

ABSTRACT

Tea has been one of the daily necessities in China since time immemorial. Its culture took its initial shape in the Tang Dynasty (618 – 905), the heyday of China’s feudal age. The economic, social and cultural prosperity and busy foreign exchanges at that time provided rich soil for the sprouting of the splendid tea culture of Tang.
In the eighteenth century tea became a major factor in Britain’s relations with China and led to the Opium War. And also, the War of Independence of North America was related to tea and Britain. The increased number of hours for laborers to work in factories because of the afternoon tea and the tea’s function of alleviating some of the consequences of the urbanization that accompanied the industrial revolution show a relation between tea and the Industrial Revolution.
Different countries have their own tea culture. And also, the health benefits of tea have to be mentioned, since its many medicinal properties were the initial reason for Chinese tea to be first introduced into Japan and England.
Britain, especially London, has a perfect tea trade mode. And being a member of the WTO, China’s tea exports have experienced increase in export volume but decrease in foreign exchange. This is because of green barrier implemented by the tea importing countries and areas. Improving the tea production mode, establishing operational tea mechanism and cultivating manufacturers with green production awareness are all useful suggestions for China to face such a situation.

Key words：the Opium War, the War of Independence of North America, the Industrial Revolution, tea culture, tea industry and trade