Abstract

China has become an emerging superpower after decades of reform and opening up policy. But the cultural export is not synchronized with the material export. While “made in China” has been exported to the majority of the countries and regions, Chinese culture has not been recognized accordingly. Many countries are fully alert to the invasion of “made in China”, but they don’t get the meaning of “the Doctrine of Mean”, which is one of Chinese core values. So the claim of “China Threat Theory” falls and rises. Confucius institutes come into being under this background.

It is true for the past years that Confucius institutes have made great contribution to China’s culture “going abroad”. However, there still exist some factors that constrain their healthy development. Based on the research on relevant Confucius institutes information, this paper tried to summarize some of the restricting factors, including the misinterpretation by foreign media and citizens, the lack of qualified teachers, and the lack of practical and local-suited textbooks. It also analyzed the reasons to these problems: different ideology during the process of cross-culture communication, too fast constructing strategy of Confucius institutes and the complexity of the students. At last, this paper proposed solutions respectively: for the misinterpretation, Confucius institutes should fade out its governmental atmosphere, amend relevant rules and regulations to relieve foreign people’s worry, and slow down the constructing speed; for the lack of qualified teachers, we should found Chinese as a Foreign Language Major in more universities and recruit elite teachers in these major, improve and perfect volunteer system; as for the lack of good textbooks, we should research and develop textbooks through cooperation with local schools.

Key words：Confucius Institutes, difficult position, solution

摘        要

经过数十载改革和开放，中国已经成为一个新兴的超级大国。但是中国的文化输出远远落后于物质输出,当“made in China”已经出口到世界绝大多数的国家和地区的时候，中国文化却没有相应地得到提升和认可。世界感受到“中国制造”的入侵，却不了解中国“中庸”这样的文化核心。“中国威胁论”的声音此起彼伏。为了让世界了解中国，孔子学院应运而生。
诚然，成立近十年来，孔子学院为中国文化输出做出不可磨灭的贡献。但仍有一些因素制约着它的健康成长。本文试图通过对孔子学院相关资料的研究，总结出其中一些不利于孔子学院进一步发展成长的因素，包括：外国媒体和民众对孔子学院的误读，孔子学院缺乏合格的老师和行之有效的教材。本文针对每个问题分析其产生的原因：第一个问题存在着意识形态方面的原因，后两个问题主要是孔子学院的过快发展。最后提出一些具有可行性的建议，以解决这几个阻碍因素：针对误读，应该淡化政府色彩，适当修改相关规定，减缓发展速度；针对缺乏教师，应该在高校大力发展对外汉语专业，聘任高级教师，并制定规章派遣高素质志愿者；针对缺乏好教材，应当因地制宜，结合中国背景和当地环境，共同研发课本。

关键词：孔子学院, 困境, 突围