Abstract

A Global Language seems to have the potential of being an auxiliary mother tongue of all citizens of the world no matter what their primary mother tongue is. This seems to be one of the properties of a global Language.
Hence, the studies of World Englishes from many aspects have appeared and many main varieties of English aroused. This thesis is based the theory of World Englishes to study English varieties in America and China which are two typical English varieties existed. The article focuses on the two English varieties from history, culture, influence and so on.
However, the conflictions between the varieties of English give us a conclusion that the “standard” of English is existed but not fixed. It existed dynamically. According to the observation of English varieties in China and American, it can be seen that history, culture, social surroundings etc. all have great influence on the formation of the English varieties. And the format features of varieties in these two countries also prove that the single, fixed standard English is hardly to be acknowledged by this highly internationalized world.
                                    
Key Words: World Englishes, standard English, American English, China English

摘要

随着全球化的逐步发展，英语以它独特的性质逐渐成为了一门世界通用的语言。来自不同种族，非英语母语的世界各国纷纷选择了英语作为一门继母语之后的辅助语言，以此来使自己与世界紧密连接。英语逐渐出现了多元化的趋势。这些变化引起了国际上对于英语本土化和标准化等问题的关注，而关注的焦点就是在英语的地域变体诞生之后，是否应该为英语做一个统一的标准，以此来衡量各种英语变体。夸克和卡奇鲁在这两个领域各自独树一帜，有自己的建树。
本文以世界英语理论为基础，分析了英语全球化的过程中在两个英语圈内的历史发展和变异，对英语变体是否应有规范这一问题进行了探讨，提出了英语变体的存在与国家的文化和历史是相互对应而并非独立存在的，各个变体都有合理的存在理由。在内圈国家，英语的母语地位使得各国已经形成了各自公认的标准国别变体；而在延伸圈国家，英语的变体其实是一个统一的连续体，以标准变体为参照，与其他英语变体共同存在。
通过分析英语在美国和中国这两个国家的发展历史、特点、功能以及是否存在标准化，介绍了标准英语在英语本土和非本土国家存在的多样性和历史性，表明了标准这个概念其实是动态存在的。本文通过对中美两国的英语变体从语音、使用等主要方面进行的多角度分析，从而证明“标准化“这个概念的标准并非唯一，而是与本土的文化、政治、社会交流等方面密切结合的，单一的标准在这个多元化的世界中很可能难以继续拥有广泛的受众。

关键词： 世界英语理论；标准英语；美国英语；中国英语