话语秩序在政治文本中的再现

Reproduction of the Order of Discourse in Political Text  

摘要
本文以话语秩序为基本理论，以批评性语篇分析为研究方法，通过研究话语秩序在2011年度各国人权报告执行摘要中的再现过程，得出了执行摘要通过对文件主题、结构、文体以及主体身份构建的巧妙操纵，旨在将特定的话语秩序施加于话语消费者。对执行摘要的批评性语篇分析表明，执行摘要运用了包括以多次提及方式着重强调负面事物、建构单向信息输出模式的文本和丑化主体形象的话语秩序操纵手段，并且刻意表现详细信息的客观性，以达到误导话语消费者认知事件的目的。从这个意义上讲，2011年度各国人权报告执行摘要利用话语主导权和身份建构权，创立了不平等的话语秩序，达到实现本国利益的目的。
关键词：执行摘要，话语秩序，操纵，不平等，利益
Abstract
This article examines how the order of discourse is reproduced in the executive summary of 2011 country reports on human rights practices. Employing the order of discourse as a general theoretical foundation and critical discourse analysis as a research method, we explore how the executive summary of 2011 country reports on human rights practices aims to put certain discourse order onto target audience with manipulations of topic, structure and style as well as identity construction for subject. By studying critical analysis outcomes of the executive summary, we find that the manipulation strategies it applies include presenting negative objects with most appearances, constructing one-way communicative reports to block feedbacks from discourse consumers, creating false image of subjects with negative words. The executive summary tries to make itself represent detailed information objectively, while a critical analysis of discourse has proved that the summary mislead audience to the wrong side of cognizing the events. In this sense, the executive summary of 2011 country reports on human rights practices creates an unfair discourse order via manipulations of word choices and identity construction in each summary to realize proper interests for his own.
Keywords: executive summary, the order of discourse, critical discourse analysis, unfair, interest