摘要

反语是一种具有幽默及讽刺效力的修辞手法，被运用于各种口头和书面表达中。它是将词或者句子用于反义表达，也就是说，使用反语表达出来的意思和词或句子表面意思是不同甚至相反的。它是故意使用与本意恰好相反的词语或句子来表达本意的一种修辞方式。如今，反语的使用十分广泛，它可以生动形象地表达出人们所想表达的嘲讽，嘲笑，幽默感或者亲昵的关系。
认知是人对客观世界的感知和经验的结果。参照能力是人类认知世界的基本能力之一。认知参照点理论被广泛地运用于解释各种语用现象，最常被用于解释隐喻这一语言现象。同时，认知参照点理论同样可以十分有力地解释反语这种语用现象。
本文将对于反语的运用做出详细举例分析，并通过蓝盖克的认知参照点理论简析反语的理解过程。并且，本文进行了详细的举例说明，使大家能够简洁明了地理解，并让我们能直观地了解反语是如何选择和使用参照点，从而让说话者能准确地使用反语表达出他的意图或者让听话者能正确理解说话者所表达的意思。

关键词：认知参照点,  反语, 反语的应用， 认知参照点模式    

Abstract

Irony is a humorous and ironic rhetorical device, is applied to various kinds of oral and written expression. It is a word or a sentence used for antisense expression. That is to say, using irony to express a meaning of a word or a sentence, the meaning is always different from or opposite to its literary meaning. It is a rhetorical method which uses a word or a sentence to express the contrary meaning deliberately. Nowadays, the using of irony is very extensively, it can help expressing sarcasm, ridicule, humor or intimate relationship vividly.
Cognition is the result of individual experience and perception of the object world. The ability of reference is one of the basic human abilities to cognize the world. Cognitive reference point model has been widely used in different pragmatic phenomena. The most commonly use is to explain metaphor. Meanwhile, the cognitive reference point model also can express irony effectively.    
This paper will maintain the implication of CRP approach to irony and analyze the understanding process of irony through probing into Langacker’s CRP model theory. And it will illustrate in details to enable everyone to understand concisely and recognize how to choose and use reference point in irony, so that the speaker can express his intension accurately by using irony or the listener can get the real meaning of what the speaker is expressing.

Key words: Cognitive reference point, irony, the application of irony, cognitive reference point model