Abstract:

Language policy is often regarded as the window of observing the ability of a country’s national integration. India is a language museum with a long history, and also a country with the most languages in the world. In order to have a further understanding of the causes of the diversity and heterogeneity of Indian language and culture, and to provide a comparable reference for language policy in China, this thesis unfolds from the conflict and controversy of Indian language policy,  reveals the historical development of Indian language policy, the formation and influence of the Three Language Formula. In addition, due to the special nature of English culture in India, this thesis makes an objective analysis and evaluation of Indian English culture, discusses the pros and cons of English brought to India, with the aim to help China properly deal with the relationship between our mother tongue education and that of English.

Key words: India; language policy; diversity; Three Language Formula

摘要：

语言政策往往被视为观察一国民族整合能力的窗口.印度是一个历史悠久的语言博物馆，也是世界上拥有最多语言的国家。为进一步了解印度语言文化多样性和异质性的原因，同时为我国语言政策的制定提供一个可供借鉴的对象，本文就印度语言政策的冲突与争论展开，揭示了印度语言政策的发展历史、三语政策的形成及影响。另外，由于英语文化在印度的特殊性质，本文特别对印度英语文化做出了客观的分析和评价，指出英语给印度带来的利弊，旨在让中国更好地处理母语教育与英语教育的关系。.

关键词：印度；语言政策；多样性；三语政策
                                                       
1. Introduction
India, located in the South Asian sub-continent, is one of the ancient civilizations in the world, and is also a country with the most languages in the world. According to Zhao (2008: 400-401), it has about 1652 languages and dialects. India not only has various kinds of languages, but also its national policy insists on a multilingual system, most of the languages have equal status, so it is also called “lingual nation” by the scientific community of language.
For thousands of years, India has been invaded and occupied by various empires repeatedly, India was in separate situation for a long time, and it almost did not realize the real unification, this is the important cause of the diversity and heterogeneity of Indian language and culture. Indian history is a history of the invasions of empires. Before Indian’s independence, languages were only divided into two types: English and local language. After independence, India began to commit to the localization of language sovereignty. After a long struggle in the Constitutional conference in 1948, Hindi was accepted as the official language. Meanwhile Hindi became the official language of Indian federation according to the constitution, English was the national language that can only be used before January 25, 1965, since then, Hindi was used as the only official language.