Abstract:

The national system, the ethnic social situation of language and historical background of Australia have similarities with New Zealand’s. Therefore, the two governments have taken the same language policy before. Australia changes its language policy from laissez-faire to assimilation. In order to expand the international trade and improve economic competitiveness, the government changes diversification to prioritization policy with the time going. After New Zealand conquering indigenous Maori, it once adopted assimilation policy. Since then, the government changes the assimilation to integration policy. It aims at combining the language and culture of English with the Maori’s. The two governments adopt different language policy in different historical stages with the objective to stabilize country and economic development. We can get  characteristics and differences of language policy in different times by contrasting two representative countries. It is very important for us to improve language policy and adapt to globalization.

Key words: language policy; Australia; New Zealand; language diversity

摘要：

澳大利亚和新西兰的国家体制、民族社会语言状况，历史背景有其相似之处，因此，两国政府曾采取过相同的语言政策。澳大利亚从放任到同化，为了扩大国际贸易，提高经济竞争力，又从多元过渡到优先，随着历史时期的变化不断优化。新西兰征服土著居民毛利人之后,曾经对毛利人实行民族同化政策。此后,政府改用一体化政策,目的在于使英国人的语言文化与毛利人的语言文化相结合。中国政府根据自己的国情,帮助尚无文字的少数民族创立文字,帮助文字尚不完备的少数民族逐渐充实其文字,并且推广普通话。澳、新两国政府在不同的历史阶段采用不同的语言政策,目的都是为了国家的稳定与经济等方面的发展。通过对比两个有代表性的国家，总结澳新不同时期两国语言政策的特点及差异。对语言政策的完善与发展,适应全球化的需要,将会起到事半功倍的效果。

关键词：语言政策；澳大利亚；新西兰；语言多样性

1. Introduction
Language policy is the relevant laws and regulations which formulates according to the standpoint that people take in the process of communication. National language policy is controlled by the government. It plays an important role in the development of every aspect. If ignored, the recessive contradiction will appear and the cohesion force of nation will be weakened (Li Guinan, 2004). Population mobility and language contract have influenced society increasingly with the development of economic globalization, so people pay more attention to the language policy. Li Yingzi (2009) points out that “Establishing language Policy is an important mechanism for a government’s national administration and political problems solution. It results from the interaction between some important social elements, such as political conflicts, government shift, immigrants, economic changes, globalization, competition etc.”