Abstract

In English, the use of the subjunctive mood is very extensive. Subjunctive mood is very difficult in English teaching and learning. In order to help English learners understand and use this mood better, this paper focuses on studying the pragmatic functions of it. In accordance with the verb forms, tenses and functions, this paper has a detailed classification on English subjunctive mood, which will help the readers understand it comprehensively.
This paper selects the politeness principle and speech act theory as the theoretical framework, and analyzes the pragmatic functions in detail. Subjunctive mood can express thanks, guilt and slight condemnation euphemistically. And illocutionary is the speakers’ real purpose by using subjunctive.
Subjunctive mood can express pragmatic meanings which are very rich, so we should correctly understand and grasp the pragmatic functions of English subjunctive mood.

Keywords: Subjunctive Mood; Pragmatic Function; Politeness Theory;Speech Act Theory    

摘要

在英语中，虚拟语气的使用非常广泛。虚拟语气是英语教学中的一个难点。为了帮助学习者对虚拟语气的学习和运用，本文着重研究了英语虚拟语气的语用功能。本文根据动词形式、时态和功能这三个方面，对虚拟语气进行了分类，以便读者对虚拟语气有全面的了解。在这三个方面中，笔者选择语用功能这一方面进行研究与分析。英语虚拟语气是一个语用功能相当丰富的语法项目，是语言表达形式和语用功能的有机结合。
本文选取语用学中的礼貌原则和言语行为作为理论框架，在每一个理论原则指导下，对虚拟语气的语用功能进行研究与分析。每个人都有面子，包括积极面子和消极面子，因为维护面子而产生的话语行为就是礼貌行为。从礼貌这一角度进行阐释，虚拟语气可以通过委婉的表达方式来抒发感谢、内疚与谴责之情。言语行为理论认为，我们日常的对话可以分为六种话语区类型：命令、要求、致歉、询问、邀请和感叹。从言语行为这一角度分析，以言行事才是说话者使用虚拟语气的真正目的。
英语虚拟语气可以表达非常丰富的语用意义，所以应正确理解和把握英语虚拟语气语用功能。

关键词：虚拟语气；语用功能；礼貌原则；言语行为理论