Abstract

African American’s history is a history of indomitable courage against formidable power. Before Civil Rights Movements a large number of African Americans had not been given the citizenship rights. They lived in a dark unequal world filled with oppression, segregation, violence and discrimination. Therefore, the movement of obtaining civil rights for African Americans is a frequent feature of the nation’s history and is of great historical importance. In the turbulent decades Africa-Americans fought for the freedom and emancipation in many ways such as nonviolent protest and civil disobedience. During the Civil Rights movement, many leaders from the African American community stepped on the history stage and gain their prominence, including Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X and others. The civil rights movement put an end to overt segregation and discrimination and the freedom struggle left a permanent mark on the nation’s history.
In addition to introduction and conclusion, this thesis, based on historical events, gives a brief introduction to the progress of African American civil rights movement in three chapters. Chapter one begins with a brief introduction to early history of African Americans, tracing the origin of slavery, describing the start of American Civil War and its impact on the slave system. Chapter two depicts American Civil Rights Movement and introduces some extraordinary and prominent people who fought for blacks’ rights through out their whole life. Chapter three explores the influence of the civil rights movement and the black culture on American society, indicating that the struggle for equality is still going on in this country.

key words: slavery; American Civil War；African American Civil Rights Movement; black culture; influence

摘  要

非裔美国人的历史，是一部顽强抗争，不畏艰难险阻的历史。民权运动之前，几乎所有的非裔美国人都没有获得真正的公民权，他们生活在一个充满不公的黑暗世界里，在这个世界里有的只是各种各样的压迫、暴力、种族隔离、种族歧视和权利的剥夺。因此，争取非裔美国人民权运动是这个国家在这段时期的显著特点。在那个混乱的年代，非裔美国人主要通过非暴力抗争和文明抵制来争取自由和解放。在民权运动期间，许多来自各个非裔美国人组织的突出领袖人物登上历史舞台，包括马丁•路德•金、罗萨•帕克斯、马尔科姆•X等等。美国黑人的民权运动结束了公然的种族隔离和歧视.自由斗争在美国社会留下了深深的印记。本论文基于历史史实，除了引言与结论部分，还通过三个篇章简要概述非裔美国人的民权进程.
第一章节简要介绍了非裔美国人的早期历史，追溯美国奴隶制的根源，以及美国南北战争对奴隶制的影响。
第二章节主要介绍民权运动以及黑人民权领袖。
第三章节重点探讨了民权运动以及黑人文化对美国社会的影响,并指出为平等和自由而进行的斗争在这个国家还在继续。

关键字：奴隶；美国内战；非裔美国人民权运动；黑人文化；影响