Abstract

Language is the tool of all human communication. The frequentation from different ethnic groups, as well as the exchanges between different cultures is realized through the vehicle of language. This leads to a "loaning" phenomenon from one language to another. In history, with the frequent contacts between England and France in economy, science, culture and society, loanwords from French played a very important part in the vocabulary of English and influenced the English language and culture deeply.
This paper aims to study the French loanwords in a lexical as well as sociol-cultural and historical point of view. It examines in depth the evolution and development of "loanwords" from French, their influence on the English language and social culture with many examples. It consists of four parts. Part one shows the relationship between loanwords and language. Part two examines the categories of French loanwords in English and the different ways of loaning. Part three deals with the Anglicized French loanwords and demonstrates that many words loaned from French are actually combined with the characteristics of English. Part four mainly discusses the influence of French loanwords on English language and culture.
English language and national culture are significantly affected by French loanwords. The effect of French loanwords in English is multifaceted, including meaning, pronunciation, morphology, syntax and so on. Besides shedding some light on the phenomenon of French loanwords into English, the author also suggests readers to have a further study of other foreign languages out of geographical limitation.

Keywords: loanword; French loanwords; Anglicization; contact

摘  要

语言是人类交流的工具，不同民族的人们之间交往和不同文化的交流必然要通过语言的媒介来实现，结果导致语言中的借用现象，其中主要是词汇的借用。作为一门国际性语言，英语中借词现象更为普遍。过去，随着英法在社会经济、文化、科学方面的接触和发展，法语借词大量进入英语词汇体系并在其中占据重要地位，深刻地影响了英语。
本文在前人取得的研究成果的基础上，从词汇学、社会文化、历史背景等多方面，运用各种实例研究了英语中法语借词的演变发展、法语借词对英语语言及社会文化产生的巨大影响。本文分为四部分。第一章从借词与语言的关系入手，从借词的定义出发讨论了其特点及意义。二章中介绍了法语借词进入英语的途径及策略。第三章通过英语化的法语借词指出大量的法语外来词进入英语后结合了英语语言的特点。第四章论述了法语借词进入英语后对英语语言及文化产生的影响。
法语借词对英语以及英语文化有着显著影响。法语借词对英语的影响是多方面的，包括词义，语音，词法，语法等。除了阐明英语中的法语借词现象，笔者也建议读者突破地域限制对其他外语进行的进一步研究。

关键词：借词；法语借词；英语化；交流