Abstract

In the international trades, the obligations that are shouldered by sellers and buyers can affect the price of commodities. The business cycle of one international trade is really time-consuming because of the far distance usually the parties of business have, during which some conditions which are closely related to the price may change and cause problems or risks, so some roles should be formed before to regulate these transactions. Thus, several quotation modes are formulated. Each mode regulates the obligations that have to be taken by either the buyer or the seller under different trading conditions. These terms that are used to describe various kinds of obligation are called international commercial terms. For the effective utilization of these terms, INCOTERMS, published firstly in 1936 and the INCOTERMS 2010 as the latest edition, is used to normalize all relevant commercial terms in international trade. Its purpose is to offer a set of international principles for the universally used trade terms. FOB and CIF are two important terms that are most frequently used in international business. Therefore, it is necessary to compare and analyze these two terms and their applications in practical areas. This thesis will firstly talk about the language features of INCOTERMS and then discuss the application of FOB and CIF in reality case.
There are four sections in this thesis. The first section is the general introduction of INCOTERMS, including its definition, function and development. The second section is to discuss the language features of INCOTERMS. The third one is to discuss some frequently used terms in international trade and the fourth section, as the end of this thesis, is about practical applications of some terms. 

Key Words: INCOTERMS; International trade; FOB; CIF

摘  要

国际贸易中，买卖双方承担的责任影响商品的价格。在国际贸易实践中由于买卖双方距离通常较远耗时较长，某些与价格密切相关的贸易条件可能改变和导致风险，因此在规范交易之前，便形成集中报价模式。每一种模式规定了买卖双方在一定贸易术语下所要承担的责任。对于这种贸易术语的使用，国际贸易术语通则用来进行规范。它为贸易术语的使用制定了一套国际守则。船上交货和到岸价是最常用的两种贸易术语。用必要对两者进行对比和研究。本文将首先探讨术语的语言特色，然后分析船上交货价和到岸价在具体实例中的运用。
本文共分为四部分。第一部分是对全文的整体概括，包含其定义、功能及发展。第二部分探讨国际贸易术语的语言特点。第三部分主要讨论国际贸易中的常用贸易术语。 第四部分主要探讨特定贸易术语的实际应用。

关键词： 国际贸易术语通则；国际贸易；船上交货价; 到岸价