Abstract

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a widely-used interdisciplinary approach for discourse analysis, emerging from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Initially researched and developed by the linguists from the West, CDA mainly intends to reveal the concealed ideology and power relations embedded in discourse by analyzing texts, discourse practice and social context. Journalistic coverage, as a very impactful public discourse, has long been interpreted by researchers from both linguistics and journalism fields. In this study, the author gives 8 discourse strategies to convey conscious or unconscious prejudices via their articles, such as classification, word choices, appraisal, generalization, nominalization, passivization, quotation, and news resources analysis.
The study examines New York Times’ coverage on the up-to-date China-related negative reports by using the methods presented above. 2 pieces of articles are chosen for textual analysis. Discourse practice analysis, as well as socio-cultural context analysis, is then employed to interpret a range of reasons causing these imposed inclination. We draw the conclusion that the bias within the news medium, to some extent, lies on the political interference and the drive of the commercial benefit.

Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis; New York Times; negative reports

摘要

批评性话语分析（CDA）兴起于20世纪70年代末期至80年代早期，作为一种西方语言学界的话语分析范例，它旨在通过文本分析、话语实践行为和社会语境来揭示隐含的意识形态和不平等的权利关系。通过大众传媒，新闻报道作为影响深远的公众文本，一直受到话语分析与新闻领域专家的高度重视。基于此，本文作者回顾批评性话语分析理论同前人的研究成果，提出几点适用于解读新闻语篇的批评性话语分析研究方法，以及运用这些方法对《纽约时报》关于近期涉华负面事件报道进行批评性话语分析的解读。
随着对其研究的深入，本文提出8种适用于新闻语篇批评性话语分析的研究方法：分类、选词、评价、笼统指代、名词化、被动化、引语和信源分析。本文运用以上方法通过研究《纽约时报》对于近期涉华负面同一事件的报道进行针对不同侧重点的文本分析。而后通过话语实践分析与社会文化语境分析对一系列引起这种带有强加倾向性的文本进行解析，并得出结论国外媒体对涉华负面事件报道的偏见的存在可以归因于政治手段的干预和商业利益的驱使。

关键词：批评性话语分析；纽约时报；负面报道