[摘 要]

礼貌，作为人类社会一种普遍存在的现象，反映了一个民族的文化素养和修养。礼貌能保持人与人之间的融洽与和谐，消除抵触，促成合作。礼貌用语是各国语言中必不可少的一部分，其主要功能就是运用礼貌的语言行为来维护社会秩序，建立和保持良好的人际关系，避免交际中不必要的误会与冲突，达到交际的目的。中西方受文化类型的影响，对礼貌的理解也不尽相同，这就使英汉在礼貌语言的表达方式上存在着差异。本文从社会文化方面分析了英汉礼貌用语的差异，并且指出英汉礼貌用语的语用文化差异的对比研究将会帮助我们减少语用失误，从而成功达到跨文化交际的目的。
 
[关键词]礼貌；文化；语用差异

Abstract:

As a universal phenomenon in our daily life, politeness can reflect the self-cultivation and cultural quality. Its effects are keeping friendly relations each other, maintaining interpersonal relations harmonious, reducing conflicts and contradictions and helping to bring about cooperation between two parties. The polite language is one of the most necessary part in international communication, and its main functions are safeguarding social order, establishing and upholding good relations and avoiding the unnecessary misunderstandings. With the influences of culture between English and Chinese, they have different understandings on politeness, which leads to different ways of expressions on politeness. This essay makes a comparative analysis of English and Chinese in politeness from pragmatic angle, thereby highlighting their cultural differences in the use of language, and proving that these cultural differences are of great importance in cross-cultural communication. In brief, the findings in this paper support the view that politeness in its various manifestations is culture specific to a great extent.   

Keywords: Politeness; Culture; Pragmatic difference

Language communication is an important way to maintain the social relationship among human beings. It is of great importance to learn politeness language using and thus makes talk more effective. Politeness, as a symbol of human civilization, is a universal phenomenon of human society, and it is of great help to build and maintain good relationship. It could promote world civilization and keep a peaceful and harmonious society.
In both the East and the West culture, politeness has long been regarded as an indispensable part of language. There exists a wide-ranging use of politeness and polite language that have clearly demonstrated people’s fondness and importance of this particular linguistic device. Also, in both culture of English and Chinese, politeness has the same social functions in the two different culture, and common polite language in the two culture are also the same, but they are different in practical use. People will adopt different ways to express a certain polite speech under different cultures, thus endow polite words with different intentions. Because of the great diversity between Chinese and western cultures, there is a deep gap between the usage of polite language, which makes some kinds of effects to cross-culture communication. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultures, people have some differences in politeness principles, and they influence the cross-culture communication. Analyzing the differences in the effects of cross-cultural communication may enhance awareness of cultural identity, overcome the bias of cross-culture communication, and achieve the expected effect.