摘要

随着社会的快速发展，许多新词应运而生。新词作为词汇的组成部分，在语言中的重要性不言而喻。英汉新词的构成方式研究重在探讨新词的内部结构，即新词是如何构成的。通过对比分析，本文发现英汉新词在构成上既有其相同之处也有其独特之处。本文首先介绍了新词的定义、特点和分类，以及新词构成的原则。在此基础上，本文从加缀法、复合法、缩略法、转化法四个方面探讨了英汉新词的共性，并从截成法、逆构法两方面探讨了英语新词特有的构词方式，并且对汉语特有的构词方式——重叠法也进行了阐述。了解英汉新词的构成规律和英汉语言的差异性，对于促进语言学习和跨文化交际都具有一定的指导意义。

关键词  英汉新词，构成方式，对比

Abstract

With the rapid development of society, many neologisms come into being as time goes by. As a part of vocabulary, neologism is very important in language. The study of formative patterns of English and Chinese neologisms focuses on the internal structure of neologisms, i.e. how neologisms are formed. Through contrastive analysis, we find that English and Chinese neologisms have both similarities and differences in formative patterns. On the basis of the introduction of definition, characteristics and classification, as well as the principles of formation of neologisms, this paper explores the similarities of English and Chinese neologisms from the four aspects, including affixation, compounding, shortening and conversion; and illustrates the specific formative patterns of English neologisms from the following two aspects: blending and back-formation. In addition, this paper also explores the specific formative pattern of Chinese neologisms — overlapping. This paper is helpful for the language learners to understand the principles of formative patterns and cultural differences between English and Chinese, which will significantly promote the language learning and the cross-cultural communication.

Keywords  English and Chinese neologisms, formative patterns, comparison

1  Introduction
Language is the most important tool in the communication of human beings and vocabulary plays a key role in language. As an indispensable part and a dynamic constitute of vocabulary, it’s inevitable that neologisms attract linguists’ attention. Linguists think that neologisms have a close relationship with the development of the society. In some sense, neologisms are like a mirror through which people can know what’s happening in the world. With the rapid development of modern society, people find that the existing words can hardly meet the requirements when they discover new things or ideas. Under the circumstances, a large number of neologisms have sprung up both in English and Chinese. Formative patterns of English and Chinese neologisms study the internal structure of neologisms which mainly refers to the smallest linguistic unit — morpheme. It means that people can learn English and Chinese neologisms by studying morphemes after they have some understanding of formative patterns of neologisms. That is to say, formative patterns of neologisms play a very important role in English and Chinese neologisms.