摘要

从上个世纪七十年代末以来，社会的快速发展给语言带来了巨大变化,大量的英汉新词源源不断地出现。新词是社会发展的“晴雨表”,关注和研究新词具有广泛而深远的意义。英汉新词的产生不仅是语言自身发展的需要，也是英汉语言与社会发展过程中诸多因素互动的结果。本文首先介绍了新词的定义和英汉新词产生的原因，其次，重点阐述了英汉新词的一般共性和具体共性，如英汉新词的迁移性、动态性、共时性、时尚性以及在理据、构成、社会和文化心理等方面的共性，并在最后探讨了近年来英汉新词的共同发展趋势，这对我们理解和使用英汉新词以及促进英语学习都具有一定的指导意义。

关键词  新词，共性，发展趋势

Abstract

Since the end of 1970s, the fast development of our society has brought great changes to languages and a large number of neologisms have come forth continuously in English and Chinese. Neologisms are like a mirror of social development. Paying attention to neologisms and doing researches on them have extensive and profound significance. Emergence of English and Chinese neologisms is not only the needs of the development of languages themselves, but also the result of the interaction between English and Chinese languages and many factors in the process of social development. This paper first introduces the definition of neologism and the causes of neologism emergence, and then mainly illustrates the general and specific commonality of English and Chinese neologisms. The general commonality includes migration, dynamism, synchronicity, fashionability, and the specific commonality is illustrated from three aspects: motivation, formation, social and cultural psychology. At last, the trend of the development of English and Chinese neologisms in recent years is also explored. It is quite significant for us to understand and use the English and Chinese neologisms, and promote English learning as well.

Keywords  neologism, commonality, developing trend

1  Introduction
English-speaking countries’ beginning their researches on neologisms can be traced back to the early stage of 20th century. With the widespread of network, large amounts of English neologisms came forth, and studies on English neologisms are getting more and more popular. While studies on neologisms in China started from 1950s. Along with the reform and opening-up policy from 1980s, Chinese neologisms also emerged in large numbers continuously, and neologisms studies gradually aroused many linguists’ attention.
Vocabulary, as an important social and linguistic phenomenon, is not so stable as the other two elements of a language — pronunciation and grammar. Vocabulary changes frequently and constantly. And why vocabulary is so active mainly lies in the existence of neologisms. Studies on commonality of English and Chinese neologisms can help people find out the influence of social development on languages and the trend of the development of languages. In addition, by paying attention to the commonality, it is easier to learn the similarities of culture and people’s thought implied in their languages.