摘要

恭维语是人们日常生活中常常利用的一种客套语言行为。它传达了对人的称赞，欣赏，钦佩等感情的话语，这是一个普遍的社会现象。如果我们可以正确地使用它，中西方交流的语用错误会更少一些。由于中西方不同的社会制度和文化背景，恭维语在实施过程中也存在巨大差异，从而跨文化交际会存在冲突。只有了解其中的文化差异才能避免跨文化交际的冲突。本文将对跨文化交际中的恭维语进行深入研究，分析语用原则，总结出异同点。同时，本文为了探索跨文化视角下中西方恭维语的不同之处，将从句式结构，回应，内容和性别进行对比分析。在交际中，中国人一向内敛，遵守慎言和寡言原则，在言语上自制而谨慎，因此对别人的语言也很敏感。相反，美国人比较外向，他们趋向于表达自己，乐意用语言去表达自己的内心世界。这种现象意味着恭维语交流存在问题，我们应该找出一些对策，以避免日常交流中由恭维语引起的误解，最后达到成功交流的目的。

关键词：恭维语; 差异; 应答; 误解; 跨文化交际

Abstract

Compliments are a positive and polite speech action which is usually used to show the appreciation, admiration, to express friendship and increase the rapport in people’s daily communication. It is a common human society phenomenon. If people could use in a correct way, there will be less pragmatic mistakes between China and the West. Owing to some differences in cultural settings and social systems between China and the West, there is a distinction of cultures in using compliment, there will be some clashes in the international communication. Only by comprehending the differences can we reduce cultural mistakes in the cross-cultural communication. This paper will pay an attention to the cross-cultural communication, analyze compliments of pragmatic principles, and make a list of similarities and differences. At the same time, this thesis will make a comparative analysis on the sentence patterns, response, content and gender, in order to probe the differences between China and the West in using the compliments from the cross-cultural view. The Chinese people usually have reservations, and Chinese will insist the tenet of reticence and prudence, they are careful and emphasis self-control in communication, thus they are very sensitive to other’s languages. To the contrary, the westerners are extraverted. They like expressing themselves freely, and they also prefer to tell their inner world by using the language. This phenomenon proves that there is an problem in the compliment language communication. So we should find some measures to avoid the misunderstanding in the communication, finally we can achieve the purpose of successful communication.

Key words: compliment; difference; response; misunderstanding; cross- cultural communication