摘要

歌剧，是一种起源于意大利的舞台艺术，表演者和音乐家们结合歌剧脚本和配乐共同在剧院中表演。合作原则是由格莱斯提出并已经被作为一种工具，广泛在文学作品、翻译、教学、幽默等中有所运用，但是歌剧在中国比较冷门，所以鲜少有人研究。本文介绍合作原则的构成，社会功能，和合作原则在会话中的应用。由于作者甚爱歌剧，所以将合作原则为工具，研究《歌剧院魅影》中的对话台词，探索该歌剧中是否有违反合作原则以产生会话含义，产生的话外之音想表达的深意，对人物形象的塑造或情节发展有无推进作用。借此，更好地展现这部歌剧的魅力，体味对话唱词的优美，将经典呈现给更多人。

关键词：合作原则；社会功能；歌剧；会话含义

Abstract

Opera, originated in Italy, is a theatrical art which performers and musicians play together with libretto in theater. Cooperative principle, which was proposed by Grice, has been widely used in literary works, translation, teaching as a tool. Opera is less popular in China than that in foreign countries, few scholars study this kind of play. This thesis describes the application of the composition of cooperative principles, social function and cooperative principle used in session. Since the author loves Opera very much, cooperative principle was regarded as a tool to study the dialogue in “the phantom of the opera”, to explore whether the Opera produces conversational implicature in violation of cooperative principle and whether the conversational implicature would model the figure and boost the plot development. Thus, to show the charm of this opera and appreciate the graceful dialogue libretto, the classical opera will be presented to more people.

Keywords: cooperative principles; social function; opera; conversational implicature

1. Introduction
The stimulation of foreign opera had a strong influence on Chinese opera. The performance of English, French, Italian and Russian operas in Shanghai, Harbin and several cities attached a great significance to the formation and localization in China. According to the US-based China Press, in resent World Opera Forum, the China National Grand Theatre and 11 well-known performing arts institutions, 7 main theaters, and 14 local troupes signed the “Joint Declaration”, to broaden the western opera performing arts market in China. As more and more opera go on tour in China, we have to admit that the western opera has been accepted gradually by Chinese. On the contrary, the western opera was resisted in the past and now it is a big change.

1.1 Background of the Phantom of the Opera
The phantom of the opera is a novel written by a French writer Gaston Leroux. The story took place at an opera house in Paris. With weird things happening, the people in opera house got shocked and even the prima donna was nearly killed. The initiator of evil was the phantom of the opera, lived in the underground of the theater, he fallen in love with Christine and taught her singing. Christine finally became the prime donna but she loved her childhood sweetheart Raoul. The phantom was so jealous of Raoul that he started to revenge.