摘要

在西方世界，关于吸血鬼的传说自有记载以来便存在。之后，以吸血鬼为题材的文学和电影便经久不衰，几个世纪以来仍欣欣向荣。 吸血鬼文化在西方大众文化传统中占据着举足轻重的地位，并对之有不可小觑的影响力。爱尔兰19世纪末作家布兰姆•斯托克于1897年所著的小说《德拉库拉》是其中最著名的作品之一。斯托克因此被公认为吸血鬼小说的奠基者，而德拉库拉的形象也因此扎根于读者的头脑中成为吸血鬼的原型。美国女作家斯蒂芬• 梅尔撰写的《暮光之城》，是现在十分热门的一部吸血鬼小说。这本小说推翻了传统的吸血鬼形象。
通过对比和分析两部吸血鬼作品所塑造的吸血鬼形象和特征的不同，我们能看到社会的发展。由于这两部作品在各自时代中都相当具有代表性和影响力，因此本论文通过分析和解读两部作品中的文化背景的演变以展示西方社会从19世纪至21世纪人文主义的发展。

关键词：《德拉库拉》；《暮光之城》；变化；吸血鬼；比较

Abstract

In the Western world, the legend of vampire has been in existence through all recorded history. After that, literary works and movies on vampire are enduring and prosperous through centuries. Vampire culture plays an important role in the Western mass cultural traditions, and has great influence on them. One of the most well-known works is the novel Dracula written by Ireland author Bram Stoke. Stoke is regarded as the founder of vampire fictions and the image of Dracula dominates in people’s mind as the authoritative and prototypical image of vampires. Nevertheless, Stephnin Meyer, an American writer, wrote the Twilight Sage which is a very popular vampire novel at present. This novel overthrows the traditional rigid figure of the vampire.
By contrasting and analyzing the differences between the two vampires’ images, we can find that the social development in the two centuries. As the two works are representative and influential at each age, this thesis here interprets and analyzes the transformation of their cultural backgrounds to present the development of humanism in Western society from 19th century to 21th century.

Key Words: Dracula; the Twilight Saga; changes; vampire; contrast
 
1. Introduction
With the establishment of multi-national corporation and world market pattern, the global sharing of resources and labor, the internationalization of material production and consumption, and the great progress of technology revolution, all of these are prompting we have gone into the so-called "global village era". And cultural globalization is the product of economic globalization. The development of information technology makes the world become smaller and smaller, and the communications between country and country easier. So with the deeper development of economic globalization, the cultural globalization has become an inevitable trend. In the face of globalization trend, literature as a reflection of culture must be globalized.