摘　要

现在越来越多的女性能随意做自己喜欢的事和自由恋爱，而在一些名著中，女性往往以悲剧结尾。《红字》中的海斯特和《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝就一直被社会和道德所拘束，最终酿成悲剧。那么女性该如何拥有更好的未来呢？找出悲剧的原因并且改善才是关键。作者采用文献研究法、归纳法和对比研究法对海斯特和苔丝的女性悲剧做了相似性和差异性对比。在了解纳撒尼尔•霍桑, 托马斯•哈代和他们的作品基础上，作者类比分析了海斯特和苔丝的性格，社会地位还有她们对爱情的态度，进而差异研究了海斯特和苔丝的经济条件，道德标准和她们所遇到的恶势力。经济条件不良,道德标准偏失，恶势力的干扰导致了海斯特和苔丝的女性悲剧。政治地位低下和她们对爱不懈的追求也是悲剧的导火索。当今社会，纯洁的道德观和善良是巨大财富。

关键词：海丝特；苔丝；女性；悲剧对比

Abstract

Nowadays, more and more women can do whatever they are willing to and have the freedom to love,however, it happens frequently that in the classics females ended up with tragedies.Hester in The Scarlet Letter and Tess in Tess of the D'Urbervilles were typifiers,who were hemmed in by society and moral all the time.And their life were tragedies.How could women get a better future?The key is to find the reasons for female tragedies and try to solve them.The writer studies the two original work and gets some relevant information from the literature, and explores into the similarities and differences of the tragedies between Hester and Tess. On the basis of information presentation of the two writers Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Hardy and their works, the writer analyzes the similarities of Hester’s and Tess’s tragedies in the characters,political status and their attitude to love. Furthermore, the writer researches on the differences of Hester’s and Tess’ tragedies in economic conditions, moral standards and the evil forces they had to bear in their life.Finally the writer draws the conclusion that it is the incorrect moral standards, the evil forces they met caused the tragedies of Hester and Tess.Their low political status and persistence in love were also the last straw leading to their tragedies.Maintaining the purity of moral values and kindness is the right way to have good fortune,which is particularly important in today's society.

Key words: Hester; Tess; female; comparison of tragedies

1 Introduction
In ancient China,women had low status and they should not only be gentilesse but also to obey especially to their husbands.There were some rules for women such as they had no right to be officers. Nowadays, more and more women can have the careers they prefer,do whatever they are willing to and have the freedom to love,unlike the women in the classics like Hester and Tess.In The Scarlet Letter and Tess of the D'Urbervilles,both Hester and Tess were hemmed in by society and moral all the time.And their life were tragedies.Sometimes,they were helpless but they had no choice.How could women get a better future? The key is to find the reasons for female tragedies and try to solve them.This paper focuses on the comparison of tragedies of Tess and Hester, analyzing the three similarities and three differences. The thesis is divided into three parts of five chapters as followings: