摘　要

托马斯．哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是他最为有影响力的一部巨著。该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。文章通过对小说中社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会所造成的，是一个时代思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的结果。除此之外, 这与她自身性格的弱点也是分不开的，因为她对命运有着反抗的一面也有妥协的一面。所以，作为普通人的苔丝与当时社会的抗争是无助的，最终会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，纯洁善良的苔丝沦为社会的牺牲品，苔丝注定是悲剧性的。本文将从社会因素，家庭因素和苔丝本身这三个方面探讨苔丝的悲剧命运的根源。

关键词： 苔丝；悲剧；悲剧原因

Abstract

Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’ tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic. At that time, due to the social, age, family and other reasons, Tess is bound to be tragic. Finally, pure and kind Tess become a victim. This paper try to explore the causes for Tess from social factors, family factors and Tess’ dual personality.

Key words:Tess; tragedy; the reasons of tragedy

1 Introduction
Tess of the D’urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess. This paper will see Tess resist her unjust fate again and again, suffer setbacks again and again, till to be destroyed.
One of the purposes of this topic is to analyze Tess’ family and the prevailing social and cultural background, pointing out that the reasons of Tess’ tragedy was her character weakness, the traditional dependence of women economic status and social status of the property and her family. The second purpose is to explore Tess character from the positive side and the negative side, and then to learn and interpret more about Tess.