摘要

《哈姆雷特》作为莎士比亚四大悲剧中最富盛名的一部，从其面世起，人们对其悲剧意义的解读就从未间断过。读者们对哈姆雷特复杂形象的研究视角之广泛，覆盖到社会学、心理学、人格学等各个层面。精神分析学说的创始人弗洛伊德首先运用精神分析学理论对《哈姆雷特》进行解读，认为哈姆雷特复仇行为中的犹豫和延迟是因为受到“俄狄浦斯情结”的束缚；18世纪，出现了哈姆雷特的延宕是剧情发展之必然的观点；另一流行的观点是哈姆雷特作为先进的人文主义资产阶级代表，其理想世界和社会现实的巨大反差造成了他复仇行动的迟缓；更有学者认为哈姆雷特根本不可能担当起复仇的使命。而在其悲剧意义的解读上，无论是用精神分析学理论来分析哈姆雷特潜意识中的“俄狄浦斯情结”，还是结合16世纪的时代背景分析哈姆雷特作为资产阶级人文主义代表的局限性，很多研究的落脚点都在主人公的延宕行为上。

在前人的研究基础上，本文根据哈姆雷特的性格特点和人文主义的时代背景，揭示了主人公形象的复杂性，分析其延宕行为对剧情发展的的影响。通过对文本的仔细研读，作者发现剧中多个人物的形象都浓缩在哈姆雷特身上，成为主人公在某一阶段的映射，分别与主人公的形象发生重叠和对照。本文将重点分析哈姆雷特与剧中几个主要角色：克劳迪斯、雷奥提斯、奥菲利亚和福丁布拉斯的重叠和对照。剧中主要角色的命运皆预示着哈姆雷特的悲剧命运，《哈姆雷特》的悲剧意义也在这一系列的重叠与对照中得到体现。

关键词：哈姆雷特，延宕，重叠，对照，悲剧  

Abstract
Hamlet is the most renowned tragedy among Shakespeare’s four great tragedies. Ever since its publication and presence onto the stage, it has aroused persistent interest in both readers and audiences. The multiple research methodologies on the complex image of the protagonist has expanded to cover sociology, psychology, person-ology, etc. Freud, founder of psychoanalytic psychology, is a pioneer in applying his theory on interpreting Hamlet. He beholds that the delay and hesitation in Hamlet’s vengeance is due to the constraint of Oedipus Complex; in the 18th century, there was a viewpoint that Hamlet’s procrastination is necessary in plotting the play; another prevalent opinion proposes that, being the representative of advanced capitalist humanists, the huge contrast between his ideal world and social reality results Hamlet’s tardy in action; furthermore, Hamlet is “a soul unfit” for his revenge mission. On the interpretation of the tragic significance in Hamlet, whether psychoanalysis of Oedipus Complex within Hamlet’s subconsciousness, or analysis of his limitations as a capitalist humanism representative in the context of his age, many researches seem to boil down to Hamlet’s procrastination.
Based on precedent studies, combing the characteristics of his personality and the historical background of humanism, this paper illustrates the complicated image of Hamlet and analyses the promotions his procrastination makes in developing the plot. Through close reading, the mirroring of other characters into the image of Hamlet in different phases is perceived, who are respectively offset against the hero. This paper will concentrates on the contrast and comparison between Hamlet and Claudius, Laertes, Ophelia and Fortinbras, who are indications of the moanful destiny of the hero, and also expression of the tragic significance of the play.
Key words: Hamlet, procrastination, overlapping, comparison, tragedy