摘  要

《德伯家的苔丝》是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家托马斯•哈代的作品，该小说发表于1891年，讲述的是女主人公苔丝的悲惨命运。而正是社会道德，宗教信仰及法律等因素造成了苔丝的悲剧，又因为克莱尔和亚历克以及她自身的性格弱点，苔丝最终沦为了社会的牺牲品。本文以原著《德伯家的苔丝》为分析文本，借鉴国内外人士对该作品的分析，试图研究造成苔丝悲剧命运的根源。本文分为四个部分：第一部分主要介绍作者及他的作品，特别是《德伯家的苔丝》一书；第二部分介绍造成苔丝悲剧的客观因素，从社会和克莱尔与亚历克两大方面阐述；第三部分从苔丝自身的性格弱点着手分析造成她悲剧的主观因素；最后一部分则为结论，总结前文，强调主题，并最后指出本文存在的不足之处，提出对本文未来研究的展望。

关键词：《德伯家的苔丝》；托马斯•哈代；悲惨命运；牺牲品；根源
 
Abstract

Tess of the D’Urbervilles was written by the famous critical realistic writer, Thomas Hardy, at the turn of the 19th century. This novel was published in 1891 and it is the most influential masterpiece of all his works, which narrates the tragedy of the heroine Tess’s life. It is social morality, religious belief and social law that lead to her tragedy. In addition, due to the influence of two most important men in her life, Tess turns out to be a victim of the society in the end. This thesis takes the English novel, Tess of the D’Urbervilles, as its subject of analyzing. After reviewing domestic and overseas research on Tess of the D’Urbervilles, the author tries to analyze the roots of Tess’s tragedy. This thesis has four parts. In the first part, it mainly introduces the author and his works, especially Tess of the D’Urbervilles; The second chapter, deals with the objective factors which lead to Tess’s tragedy life, mainly from two aspects, namely society and the most important men in her life, Angel and Alec. In the third chapter, it analyzes Tess’s weakness of her character, the subjective factors of her tragedy are explored. The conclusion is drawn in the final part. Emphasis of the themes and limitation of the research are put forward. Meanwhile, further studies on the book in question are expected to arise in future.
 
Key words: Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Thomas Hardy; tragedy life; victim; roots

1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Thomas Hardy
Thomas hardy was an English critical realism novelist and he was one of the greatest English writers in the 19th century who wrote the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles. What’s more, he was a poet as well. Hardy was born in a town near Dorchester, and later the area became the “Wessex” in many of his novels. Hardy was the son of a stonecutter, who liked music, so Hardy inherited a love of music from his father, and his devotion to literature from his mother. Hardy’s parents paid a lot of attention to his education in Hardy’s childhood, and he received education for theology with the help of John Hicks in 1856, who was a local church architect, because Hardy could not afford to continue his scholarly career as he wished. But after Hardy grew up, he turned to literature.