摘  要

《德伯家的苔丝》是19世纪末英国杰出小说家托马斯•哈代最有成就的小说之一。书中女主人公出生贫苦农家，具有自然纯真的本性。但是当时的社会却让这个善良纯洁的女性受尽苦难，遭受着悲惨命运。这一切既是不可避免,又是一种必然。在当时的父权制社会，男性凌驾于女性之上。而且女性的贞洁被视为至上，若女性婚前失贞，她就成为世人耻骂的对象。但是男性却又可以对自己的不堪行为不承担任何责任。在男权文化和意识形态的禁锢下，女性的身份地位只能尴尬地处于失去主权的附属地位。处于维多利亚时期的苔丝，她的女性身份地位亦无法挣脱父权制和社会礼法的束缚。就是在这样一个社会中苔丝遭遇失贞不幸，成为一个社会的悲剧。本文从主观和客观角度，来探讨苔丝所遭遇的人生悲剧以及社会环境对她的性格所产生的影响。最后成为当时社会的牺牲品。本文还论述了资本主义社会女性的社会地位及社会的不平等。

关键词：苔丝；父权制；必然性；悲剧命运；牺牲品
 
Abstract

"Tess of the D'Urbervilles" is one of the greatest novels of Thomas Hardy. Tess，the heroine in the novel, was an instinct girl from a poor farmer’s family. But the society at that time made this pure and good female suffer a lot，finally let her receive a tragic fate. However, her tragic fate was inevitable, which could be seen from the social environment, her family background and her personality. She was living in a society of Patriarchy, where man mastered woman. During that period women’s chastity was the most important thing in their life. If one lost her chastity before married, she would be abused by the whole society. Ridiculously, man bore no responsibility for doing the same. In a patriarchal culture and the detention of ideology, woman's status can only be embarrassed in subordination of losing sovereignty. In the Victorian era, Tess’s female status made her unable to get rid of the patriarchy and social etiquette constraints. Tess lost her chastity at that time. Then she became the tragedy of the society. So for her tragic fate, it can be analyzed from two aspects: subjective and objective analysis. It can be seen from the paper that the social environment made great influence upon her character. Finally she was doomed to become a victim of society. This paper, through analysis of the original, makes a study of women’s social status in capitalist society and social inequality.

Key words: Tess; patriarchy; inevitable; tragic fate; victim