摘　要

《麦田里的守望者》是塞林格唯一一部出版的小说。该小说在1951年一出版，就在读者和学术界引起轰动。小说主要讲述了年仅16岁的霍尔顿被学校再次开除后，他在离开学校后，一个人在纽约游荡的故事。主人公霍尔顿深刻地反映了二战之后，美国青少年的现状。二战之后的美国经济快速发展，但人们思想空虚，尤其是青少年，普遍迷茫，空虚，叛逆。小说通过主人公不仅淋漓尽致地展现了当时美国青年的面貌，而且揭露了许多当时的社会问题。在日常生活中，他抽烟，喝酒，说脏话，在学校的成绩一塌糊途，挑战社会规则。家庭，学校，社会环境都对霍尔顿这种性格的形成有着不可推卸的责任。该论文试图通过对主人公的内心世界的分析来探讨人物多方面的的性格，以及这种性格形成的主要原因。至此，我们不但能够领略该作品的文学价值，而且更好的了解50年代的美国。

关键词：霍尔顿；性格；原因
 
Abstract

The Catcher in the Rye is the only published novel by J.D. Salinger. When it published in 1951, this book immediately makes the American writer known all cross the world and creates a sensation among the readers. This novel introduces a 16-year-old boy, Holden who is kicked out again by the school. After leaving school, he treks long distances to New York. His experience in three days changes his own mind greatly. Holden, the hero, is an icon of the American teenagers after the World War Two. Holden represents the teenage confusion, angst, alienation and rebellion, as a model of the American teenagers after the World War Two. This novel shows the US teenagers’ condition and reflects many social problems at that time through the tragic hero, Holden, who dares to despise the agreed convention in the society. In his ordinary life, he is enslaved to drinking smoking, uses foul words and fails in the school. There are many reasons to cause the tragic such as his family, the school and the society. Holden also faces the dilemma between the child world and the adult world. This paper focuses on the spiritual growing process to analyze the change of hero’s inner world. So, to study such a novel, it will help us not only enjoy its literary value, but also better understand the social background in the 1950s in the US. In the paper, it will firstly study the features of Holden, and then analyze the main reasons to cause his characters. Finally, Holden gradually realizes his own responsibility. He is willing to accept this imperfect world.

Key words: Holden; character; reasons