Abstract

Eco-criticism theory is a new means of literary criticism. There are some researches on its origin and development both at home and abroad and those researches are mainly focused on the relationship between man and nature and the environment. And in the literature works, many authors are blending with related elements, associating with the theory and literature which can be understood by more people and get resonance. This thesis will briefly introduce eco-criticism and make certain researches on it, and then apply it to Robinson Crusoe. With eco-criticism theory, two aspects of both the harmonious and harmonious relationship between Robinson and natural creatures will be discussed. The harmony includes that Robinson plants by himself with the planting skills he has learned from others and he keeps animals as well. And the unharmonious things are his kill to animals for survival, entertainment and his waste of plant resource. Finally, the thesis will make a comment on his behaviors to the environment. A conclusion that the realistic significance of eco-criticism reflected in Robinson Crusoe will be drawn which helps to awaken readers’ intrinsic ecological consciousness.

Key Words:  Robinson Crusoe  Eco-criticism  ecological consciousness

摘 要

生态批评理论是一种新兴的文学批评手段，对于它的起源与发展，国内外都有了一定的研究，研究的内容主要是人与自然、环境的关系。而在文学作品中，很多作者融入了人类与自然环境的一种状态和关系，使得该理论与文学联系在一起，能更多地被人了解，引起共鸣。本论文通过对生态批评理论的介绍和研究，并以《鲁滨逊漂流记》为研究对象，分析鲁滨逊与自然生物间和谐与不和谐两大方面的关系。和谐的包括鲁滨逊用学到的种植技术开发种植园，圈养小动物；不和谐主要包括捕杀动物来达到生存、娱乐的目的以及对植物资源的浪费。最后通过对这些行为的一个评述，了解从生态批评视角去重读《鲁滨逊漂流记》的现实意义，以唤起读者内在的生态意识。

关键词:《鲁滨逊漂流记》 生态批评理论 生态意识

1 Introduction
Daniel Defoe is regarded as one of the founders of English novel, an outstanding modern English writer and the first great realistic novelist. Defoe suffers many mishaps in his life, having rather rich life experience. However, under the pressure of living and surroundings, he turns to fictions. In his nearly sixty, he publishes his first novel Robinson Crusoe which makes him become popular.
As Daniel Defoe’s classic work, Robinson Crusoe has come out for nearly three centuries. The book symbolizes the beginning of the United Kingdom modern fiction in the 18th century and makes Defoe immortal passing through the ages. Defoe creates the novel basing on current events and materials, such as the maps and logs of actual sea voyages, personal memoirs and historical or eyewitness reports.