Abstract
Researches on The Lord of the Rings book series is a subject that has been proceeding years amongst which studies on its ecological connotation are not rarely seen. The reason is that the whole book series is dripping with descriptions about wars between the nature strength and industrial force; symbolic properties of the creatures dwelling in Middle-earth that reflect crisis we are facing in the real world; and sarcasms that is meant to expose the hidden hideous appearance of the so called “modernization”. These ample elements make the book series a perfect material for ecological concerning researches.
Meanwhile, this thesis takes eco-criticism to discuss and analyze ecological elements in The Lord of the Rings. This thesis starts with a brief introduction on eco-criticism, which covers its origin, further developments as well as practical meanings and functions in modern society. After that, eco-criticism is the means this thesis applies to study The Lord of the Rings from several aspects, including the character of each race of Middle-earth, the symbol of Mordor and Isengard and more implied ecological connotations that the author intends to deliver in this book.
Key words: eco-criticism, anti-industrial, ecology elements, The Lord of the Rings,Middle-earth.

摘        要
有关《指环王》系列书籍的研究已经有了数十年的累积，在这些研究成果当中，研究生态寓意的并不少见。书籍的整个故事情节包括了代表自然与工业两股势力之间的战争，居住于中土的各个种族势力划分与现实世界中人类面临的各种生态危机的对应，以及书中所描绘场景对现实中“现代化”文明的讽刺等等，都是可用于进行生态批判的好材料。
本文将会运用生态批判的方法对《指环王》中的生态元素进行分析和讨论。
本文开始便对生态批判做一个简要的介绍，具体涉及到该方法的起源，发展以及在现代社会中的作用。之后本文即采用生态批判中对经典文学的分析方法对指环王中的生态元素从不同的方面进行分析，包括中土中各个种族的特点，魔多和艾辛格的象征，以及作者想要在书中表达的更多的生态寓意。
关键词：生态批判，生态元素，指环王，反工业化，中土