Abstract

Generally speaking, an initiation story is a fiction in which the protagonist undergoes an experience that is life-changing. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Catcher in the Rye are always considered as typical teenager’s initiation story.
This paper utilizes the theories of bildungsroman, and compares the similarities and differences between the two novels from three aspects, namely the background of social history and the growing background of protagonist, the quest for identity of Huck and Holden, and the psychological conflicts of Huck and Holden. With the application of the Freud's psychoanalysis theory, Huck and Holden's inner psychological conflicts, and the social decay in the eyes of a child at that times have been analyzed.
Finally, the paper draws the conclusion that the social environment, family environment, school education, and friends will bring different effects to the child's mentality. Nevertheless, it is of great importance that insisting on pursuit of dreams. No matter what happens, we need to have a dream and the courage to pursue the dream. At the same time, in the world of the ego, id and the superego, we will eventually find a balance between the primitive drives, morals, and reality.

Key words: bildungsroman  Freudian psychology  conflict  dream

摘 要

成长小说（Initiation Story）一般指以叙述人物成长过程为主题的小说。马克•吐温的《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》和杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》都被认为是典型的少年成长小说。
本文从介绍成长小说入手，从社会历史背景和主人公的成长背景，哈克和霍尔顿对自我的认同，以及哈克和霍尔顿的内心冲突三个方面比较了这两部成长小说的异同。论文采用弗洛伊德心理理论研究方法，重点分析了哈克和霍尔顿的内心的心理冲突，反映了在那个时代孩子眼中的社会衰败。
最终得出结论：社会环境，家庭环境，学校教育，还有朋友交往等都会给孩子的心理带来不同的影响。但是，坚持对梦想的执着追求仍具有极大的重要性。我们无论遇到什么情况，都需要有梦想和追求梦想的勇气。与此同时，在自我、本我和超我的世界中，我们最终会找到原始动机、道德和现实的平衡点。

关键词：成长小说 弗洛伊德心理理论 冲突 梦想