Abstract

The British writer Daniel Defoe wrote a novel called Robinson Crusoe in 1719. The novel, in the form of the protagonist diary, records the life of Robinson Crusoe, and is known as the first realistic novel. The novel is a memoir of adventure. In his book, Defoe creates the character of Robinson, an image who dares to accept the challenges of the environment. For nearly three hundred years, Robinson Crusoe has always been the love of people, and become an immortal classic in world literature. The main reason is that Defoe created a figure that is brave, persistent, intelligent, courageous, and enterprising. What’s more, Robinson is not afraid of difficulties, dares to accept the challenges, and has the spirit to overcome difficulties, therefore people love Robinson and this work more. Defoe is the representative of a lower-middle-class bourgeoisie, bounded to serve his own class. So Robinson Crusoe is not only a thrilling adventure novel but also a reflection of bourgeois ideology. Robinson Crusoe, all in all, is an image of early capitalist.

Key Words:  Early Capitalist    Colonization    Robinson Crusoe 

摘 要

《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国作家笛福于1719年创作的一部小说。这部小说以主人公日记的形式，记录了鲁滨逊的一生，被称为英国第一部现实主义长篇小说。这部小说是一部回忆录式的冒险小说。在书中，笛福塑造了一个敢于面对恶劣环境挑战的鲁滨逊形象。近三百年来，《鲁滨逊漂流记》一直受到人们的喜欢，成为世界文学的不朽名著。主要原因就是，笛福塑造了一个集勇敢、坚毅、智慧、勇于进取于一身的人物形象。人们更多的是被鲁滨逊那种不畏惧困难、敢于接受挑战，并且战胜困难的精神所感染，因此而喜欢上了这部作品。笛福作为一名中下层资产阶级的代表，必然要为他所属的阶级所服务，因而《鲁滨逊漂流记》虽然是一部脍炙人口的冒险小说，但同时也应该是一部反映资产阶级思想、传达资产阶级价值观的小说。归根结蒂，鲁滨逊是早期资本家的一个缩影。

关键词：早期资本家    殖民   《鲁滨逊漂流记》

1 Introduction
Robinson Crusoe was finished by Daniel Defoe in 1719. He was inspired by a Scottish sailor called Selkirk to create the novel. The hero Robinson Crusoe expressed the enterprising spirit, the confidence and courage to challenge nature that was widely respected by people. It told a story on the basis of a Scottish sailor’s maritime peril. He lived in the island for four years, and was rescued by others. The hero Robinson was from a British middle class family. When he encountered sea storm on the way to Africa, he drifted alone to an empty desert island. He began a reclusive life. With strong will and unremitting efforts, Robinson sturdily survived on a desert island. After 28 years, a British ship passed by the island, Crusoe was able to return home. Defoe had successfully shaped an ideal bourgeoisie with all the following features: being brave, wise, rational, industrious and strong.