Abstract

The concept of existentialism first emerged after the First World War which revealed the absurdity of the world and people’s sense of alienation and anxiety. Meanwhile, it advocated that people should use their own power to fight with the absurd world in order to achieve the real existence. Though Jude the Obscure was published long before existentialism came into being, it had already foreseen some modern elements. There are numerous scholars both at home and abroad who have done deep and detailed researches on Jude the Obscure from different perspectives. This thesis mainly adopts the concept of alienation to analyze the phenomena that Jude has experienced and his fight with his fate. Besides, it aims to advocate a harmonious relationship between people, environment and society, which may bring some reflections to human beings and make some constructive suggestions to the contemporary society.

Key Words:  Jude the Obscure  alienation  resistance

摘 要

存在主义产生于第一次世界大战之后，它揭示了世界的荒谬性以及人在这个生存困境中而产生的异化和焦虑感。存在主义以人为中心，尊重人的个性与自由，强调通过自身努力在荒谬的世界中追求真正的存在。虽然哈代的《无名的裘德》出版于存在主义产生之前，它早已预见了现代的思想元素。不少的国内外专家学者已从不同角度对这部小说进行了全面深入的解读，本文主要运用存在主义的异化观来研究分析主人公裘德所经历的种种异化现象以及其与命运的抗争。其次通过异化的研究旨在反射当代社会的弊端，以传达人与自然环境，人与人，人与社会的和谐关系，提出建设性意义，给人们及当代社会带来深刻的反思。

关键字： 《无名的裘德》 异化 抗争

1 Introduction
Thomas Hardy was a great novelist and poet who spanned two centuries. He was born in 1840 in Dorset, located in the southwest of England. Like other writers, many of his writing materials were from his personal life. So, later this location appeared in his novel. Being born in a quite poor family, he had no other choice but to make a living by himself. Just as Barker said “He was obviously clever, but for a boy of his social class (the son of a stonemason) going to university was out of the question” (Barber, 2000, p.9). But life was always hard for him even he became a writer. And there was really a quite long period that he was in obscurity. His early life and experience was just reflected in the character of Jude, which was one of the figures that he had shaped in his novels. As a writer who standing at the turning point of the century and also as a realist, his work has a deep insight into the social change, truthfully reflect the irregularity of the capitalism. Moreover, it discloses the hypocrisy of the law and religion.