Abstract

Jack London is a famous American writer at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century who is famous for his animal novels. The Call of the Wild is one of the most typical masterpieces among his works. It is a story about a dog named Buck what suffered and how to be the leader of the wolves finally. London’s ecological ideology is reflected well in this novel. Jack London alludes to human’s destruction of the ecological environment through Buck’s unfair treatment and suffering.
This thesis is to analyze The Call of the Wild from the perspective of ecology. The thesis will consist of five chapters. The first chapter is to make a brief introduction to current situation of related researches as well as the purpose, significance and methodology of the study. The second chapter will present an overview of the novel of The Call of the Wild, including the author and the content. The third chapter is meant to deal with the theoretical background — the theory of Ecological Criticism, such as its definition and development. With regard to the fourth chapter, it is the most important part, which will probe into Jack London’s ecological thoughts reflected in the novel. And the last chapter of the thesis is a natural conclusion.

Key words: The Call of the Wild  ecocriticism  harmony  human and nature

摘  要

 杰克伦敦是19世纪末20世纪初著名的美国作家，他因创作动物小说而著名。《野性的呼唤》是他的著作中最典型的一部。描述了一只名叫巴克的狗所遭受的以及最终怎样变成狼群首领的故事。伦敦的生态思想在这本小说中得到了充分的体现。杰克伦敦通过巴克所遭受的不公平对待和它的遭遇来暗指人类对生态环境的破坏。
这篇论文是从生态的角度来分析《野性的呼唤》。全文分为五个章节。第一章节是研究的目的、意义等的简单介绍；第二章节是对小说的作者和内容的概述；第三章节探讨生态批评，包括生态批评的定义和发展；第四章节是最重要的部分，即用生态批评的理论来分析这本小说，包括了从人类中心主义和生态中心主义来分析，还有达尔文的适者生存理论等；第五章节则是小结部分。

关键词：《野性的呼唤》 生态批评 和谐 人与自然

1 Introduction
With the improvement of human civilization and development of the society, man does great damage to our environment. The relationship between man and nature is more and more out of balance. And how to face and handle the ecological crisis has become one of the most important issues for human beings. Only if humans raise the awareness of protecting the environment, will a harmonious society be constructed and the balance of ecological environment kept.