Abstract and Key Words

Abstract: In the history of the United States, slavery causes physical injuries and mental injuries to the black slaves. Beloved, written by the famous black writer Toni Morrison， tells a tragic story about a black woman Sethe. Using her great narrative power，Morrison gives us a detailed description of the tragic fate of the black slaves. This paper focuses to discuss the causes that lead to the tragic fate of Sethe. The major causes of Sethe’s tragic fate includes the social factors, the family factors, Sethe’s dual personality and Sethe’s self-accusation and guilt. Sethe’s tragic fate reveals the fact that only facing the past can help people get out of the shadow and helpless situation and finally set soul free.

Key words：Beloved; Sethe; causes of tragedy

摘要：在美国历史上，奴隶制对广大黑人奴隶造成了肉体上和精神上的多重伤害。美国著名的黑人女作家托妮•莫里森在她的作品《宠儿》中，运用她高超的叙事手法，以塞丝为例，对黑人奴隶的悲惨命运进行了细致的描写。本文旨在论述导致塞丝悲惨命运的原因，其中导致塞丝悲剧的原因主要有社会原因、家庭原因、塞丝自身的双重人格以及她的自责与负罪感。通过对塞丝的悲剧命运的分析可以看出只有直面过去才能走出阴影，才能走出孤立无援，才能获得精神上的真正解放。

关键词：《宠儿》；塞丝；悲剧成因

1．Introduction
Toni Morrison is a famous black woman writer in the field of American literature. She wins the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature, which makes her become the first black woman and the second woman writer in the American literature to enjoy this honor.
In February 1931, Tony Morrison was born in a common black family in America. When she was young, she had already had a strong interest in black culture and literature. In 1967, Morrison published her first novel The Blue Eyes. This is a novel which is aimed to reveal the black’s distorted mental world under the pressure of the white culture and values.
By now, she has already published six novels. Sula creates a black woman with distinctive peculiar personalities and rebellious spirit. It raises the question that how black women can get out of the racial discrimination and sexual discrimination. In the novel Song of Solomon, by telling the story of Milkman Dead, Morrison creates a new way to rendering the contradictory nuances of black life in America. Tar Baby discusses the love of a black model and the son of an escaped criminal. While displaying their conflicting personalities, Morrison pays more attention to the black people’s traditional values in the life of the black. In Beloved, Morrison shows the irreversible damage of the slavery by writing a mother’s act of infanticide.