Abstract

The Call of the Wild and White Fang are wonderful and successful works of Jack London who is a famous American writer, and also these two novels are important works based on animal life in world’s literary treasure. The Call of the Wild tells a story about a dog’s going back from civilization to wilderness, while White Fang records a wolf’s sense from wilderness to civilization. These two novels have fully reflected the points of ecocriticism which studies on the basis of the relationship between literature and nature. This dissertation will apply the view of ecocriticism—ecological holism to analyze the relationship between man and wilderness as well as man and animal to arouse people’s ecological awareness, keep a harmonious relationship with nature and take actively part in the movement of protecting the environment.

KEYWORDS:ecocriticism；ecological holism；human and nature

摘　要

《野性的呼唤》与《白牙》是美国著名作家杰克•伦敦的经典力作，也是世界文学宝库中以动物生活为题材的重要著作。《野性的呼唤》讲述了狗从文明到野性的回归,而《白牙》记录了狼从野性到文明的感悟。这两部小说充分体现了以研究人与自然关系为基础的生态批评的观点。本文运用生态批评的观点——生态整体主义，来解读人与荒野及人与动物的关系,旨在唤起人们的生态意识，倡议人与自然和谐相处，并积极投身于生态保护的活动中。

关键词:生态批评；生态整体主义；人与自然

1 Introduction
Jack London is a famous American writer who has obtained worldwide celebrity and played an important role in the history of American literature. The Call of the Wild and White Fang are his well-known novels about animals which have brought him much fame.
1.1 The introduction of Jack London
Jack London was born in San Francisco, on January 12, 1876, and grew up in Oakland. During his youth, his family was very poor. With the beginning of gold rush, he went to seek his fortune in the snowy North. The gold rush didn’t make him rich, but it gave him plenty of materials for his career as a writer. The Call of the Wild and White Fang blended his experience as a gold prospector in the Canadian wilderness with his ideas about nature and the struggle for existence.