摘 要

简•奥斯丁（1775-1817）在英国文学史上的地位和成就已经有目共睹。她是19世纪英国文学史上最杰出的现实主义小说家之一。作为一位现实主义小说家，她的作品真实反映了社会历史、经济现实以及她所处时代女性的社会地位。
本文从《傲慢与偏见》这部小说中主要人物的结局入手，结合萨特存在主义哲学的基本概念，如自由、选择、存在和他人等等分析造成人物如此结局的原因。萨特认为“存在先于本质”；“人是绝对自由的”；“他人是地狱”，本文结合这些基本理论分别进行分析，进而证明《傲慢与偏见》中人物的结局体现出了某些存在主义特征。首先，抗争也好，妥协也罢，所有文中被分析人物的选择都是自由的，外界环境起的只是辅助作用，如果没有当事人自己的主动配合，也就不会出现相关的结果；其次，即使人物选择的是凄惨的结局，实质上还是因为人物不愿放弃自己的自由，否则如果他们肯妥协让步，结局也不一定会如此凄惨；最后，从《傲慢与偏见》这部小说中有关人与人之间微妙关系的刻画也能体现存在主义的某些特征。如果从萨特的存在主义哲学方面来看，《傲慢与偏见》中的“人”已经不是世俗意义中的“人”，而是抽象化的哲学意义上的“人”，所以对《傲慢与偏见》这部小说的研究还可以推得更广、更深。

关键词：萨特；存在主义；《傲慢与偏见》；自由
 
Abstract

Jane Austen (1775--1817) achieved indisputable accomplishment and status in the history of English Literature. She was one of the outstanding realistic novelists in the 19th-century-English literature. As a realistic novelist, she wrote her novels focusing on the social history, the economic realities, and women’s social status of her time.
The paper will apply basic Sartre existentialism principles such as freedom, choice, responsibility and the other to the analysis of Pride and Prejudice. Sartre’s main idea is that existence is prior to essence, humans are in absolute freedom, and others are in hell. What this paper intends to prove is: First, struggle or not, all the characters in the case studies choose freely while circumstances only help them to move further down their own roads. If it was for their free choices, the outcome might be very different. Second, even though they choose bad outcome, in simple words, it is all because of the “freedom.” Otherwise, if they choose to compromise, their ending might not be that miserable. Last, the exquisite weaving of the social fabrication in Pride and Prejudice echoes with some ideas of Sartre. In a word, looking from Sartre existentialists’ view, the “human being” in Pride and Prejudice is not only a mere person leading a worldly life, but also a philosophical version of the word “man.”

Keywords: Jane Austen; Sartre; Pride and Prejudice; Existentialism; freedom