摘 要

19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇，深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实，为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。他的作品至今依然盛行，对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。尤其在自传体小说《大卫科波菲尔》中生动刻画了多位人物形象，细致描写当时社会环境。按心理学来说，性格是指一个人具有核心意义的个性心理特征，他不是一个能由人自由控制的元素，很大程度上受遗传的影响，并且一旦形成具有较强的稳定性。古希腊哲学家赫拉克里也曾经说过：一个人的性格就是他的命运。这句话流传了数千年，许多人都把它奉为至理名言。这句话的含义应包括两个方面：一是性格是与生俱来的，是任何人永远也摆脱不掉的；二是一个人性格决定了他这一辈子的命运。也就是我们常说的“性格决定命运”。不可否认，一个人的性格会对一个人的生活方式、生活态度产生重大的影响，但是一个人的性格却不一定就是一成不变的，在特定情况下，是可以塑造的，因而通过重塑一个的性格改变他的命运也是完全可能的。那么性格的重塑主要是由环境影响的。一般来说环境包括两个方面。一个是遇到的人，一个是遇到的事。那么本文以狄更斯的名著《大卫科波菲尔》为例来讨论环境性格和命运三者的关系

关键词：环境 命运 性格
 
Abstract

Dickens, the famous British critical realist Dickens in 1900s paid special attention to describing the lives at the bottom of society in UK, reflecting the complex social reality in Britain. Dickens played an important role in the history of English critical realism literature. His works are still popular. In the autobiographical novel David Copperfield, he built many vivid characters. Psychologically speaking, character is defined as a man who has a core psychological character, which, once formed, has strong stability. Ancient Greek philosopher Hera Kerry also once said that a person’s character is his fate. This idea has been around for thousands of years and many people take it as wisdom. This idea includes two aspects: one is that the character is innate, which anyone will never get rid of; secondly, it is a personal character that determines the fate of his lifetime. Namely we often say “character is destiny.” Undeniably, a person’s character will have a significant effect on a person’s lifestyle, attitude, and character. But it is not necessarily invariable in certain circumstances and can be formed and thus reshape a personality to possibly change his fate. So character primarily remodels the environmental impact. Generally speaking environment includes two aspects. One aspect is the people he lives with, and another is the thing that happens to him. So in this essay I will take Dickens’ masterpiece of David Copperfield as an example to discuss the relationship between environment, character and destiny.

Keywords: circumstances   fate    character