摘 要

托马斯•哈代，英国诗人、小说家，是横跨两个世纪的著名作家。《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代著称于世界的“威塞克斯系列”中的一部力作。一百多年过去了，女主人公苔丝也早已树立在世界文学画廊之中，这不仅仅因为人们对传统美德有所超越，更因为作品主人公所拥有的人性与灵魂深处的巨大魅力使之成为最动人的女性形象之一。然而,一种被当时时代所淘汰的性格,终会造成苔丝的悲剧人生。本文分为五个部分：引言部分简介《德伯家的苔丝》一书及苔丝的悲剧形象，并提出苔丝性格缺陷对其悲剧人生的影响；第二章通过分析亚雷这一人物形象及苔丝如何走向“被人诱奸”之路，对苔丝在其中所表现的卑怯懦弱、过分单纯的性格提出批判；第三章介绍了莱克及他在苔丝眼中的形象，并分析了苔丝在“被人抛弃”这件事中所追求的不容世俗的爱情及她对婚姻的幻想；第四章主要描写了苔丝家人在苔丝走向“被人绞杀”中对苔丝的影响，以及苔丝对世俗、宗教、道德、法律的反抗，同时又不自觉地用传统束缚自己的矛盾性格；第五章总结苔丝与时代格格不入的性格，使其对自身悲剧负有不可推卸的责任。
  
关键词：悲剧；性格；批判
 
Abstract

Thomas hardy, English poet and novelist, is a famous writer who is across two centuries. Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a great masterpiece in Hardy’s wessex series. A hundred years past, the image of Tess has been set in the corridor of world literature. Tess is the symbol of beauty and purity. However, the character which is not consistent with the times will cause Tess’ tragic life inevitably.
This paper includes five chapters. Chapter one is introduction. It gives us a brief introduction of the background, the novel and the causes of Tess’ tragedy. Chapter two mainly analyzes the Alec’s effect on Tess and Tess’ character flaws in the way of being seduced. Chapter three introduces us the image of Clare in Tess’ eyes and Tess’ concept of love and marriage through analyzing the event of Tess’ is being abandoned. Chapter four analyzes the family of Tess and points out that Tess’ attitude towards her families makes her step to the road of tragedy.  Chapter five is a conclusion. It summarizes the defects in Tess’ personality which is responsible for her tragedy and criticizes these defective personalities.

Keywords: tragedy; personality; criticism

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The Background
Tess lives in the late 19th century when the Queen Victoria rules. In this period, capitalist industrial civilization invades the countryside, which leads to small peasant economy being disintegrated, and ancient economic system of rural laborer being destroyed.This brings the people who live in rural a somber disaster. The strong eldest empire is experiencing the sharp decline, and the industrial incoming broken position is losing. In the 1970s, capitalist world breaks out a severe economic crisis, and Britain suffers the great depression in the next two decades. In rural people also fail to escape by luck. Tess spends her miserable and brief life under this condition. Tess represents the dying civilization.[2] From her, we can see the great changes on social economy, morality, politics and psychology of people after capitalist invades rural area, which shows sadly farmers’ fate of that period.