摘要

 苔丝是被自己的堕落所伤害的，但她仍能够勇敢站出来与世俗成见做斗争。苔丝试图与安玑尝试新的生活，但她永远不能完全走出亚雷•德伯的阴影。也可以说，她永远为失去童贞所累,她永远都没能走出失去童贞的阴影。“苔丝拥有自我决断与畏缩相抗争的决心，然而最后失败了。” 哈代让自己笔下的角色拥有了内在的勇气，去改变传统堕落女性的定义。
    苔丝生在十九世纪社会底层，她的命运与社会紧密相连又受其影响。首先，维多利亚时代的传统道德是决定苔丝悲剧命运的重要因素。其次，人物的性格弱点是造成苔丝悲剧的另一个根源。苔丝在性格上有很多致命的弱点——犹豫，屈从等。安玑又是那么的虚伪。当他得知苔丝的过去时，残忍地抛弃了苔丝。因此是他把苔丝推向了深渊。
    面对混乱和荒谬的生活，苔丝的悲剧变得不可避免。社会、贫困的生活环境、传统道德观念以及人物性格上的弱点通通都导致了苔丝的悲剧。《德伯家的苔丝》不亚于一系列相互关联的人间地狱。苔丝的悲剧从一开始就注定要发生的。

关键词：苔丝;   社会环境;  性格弱点;  悲剧
 
Abstract

Tess Durbeyfield is a woman who suffers from her degeneration, but still finds the strength to rise above her situation. Although Tess attempts to start a new life with Angel Clare, she can never completely escape from her past relationship with Alec D’Urbevrilles. She is frequently reminded of her loss of chastity. Thomas Hardy develops a character whose inner strength allows her to conquer the established definition of the fallen woman.
Tess is brought up in a haggler’s family in the 19th century. Her fate is closely connected with and influenced by the social environment and her weaknesses. Traditional morality of Victorian Era constitutes the most important factor that determines Tess’s inevitable tragedy. The weaknesses of personalities are the other issues making Tess’s tragedy. Tess has the deadly weaknesses ― hesitation and submission. Angel Clare is hypocritical, after Tess’s confession of her past, the disillusioned Angel abandons Tess to the abyss of desperation.
Facing the chaotic and absurd life, Tess’s tragic life is inevitable; the society, the awkward economic condition, the traditional morality and weaknesses in characters’ personality all lead to Tess’s tragedy. Tess of the D'Urbervilles is nothing less than a series of interlocking infernos. Tess’s tragedy is doomed from the start.

Key words: Tess; social environment; weaknesses; tragedy

1. Introduction

Thomas Hardy, who lived from 1840 to 1928, had written many master pieces. The novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles was one of them and was published in 1891.
In the story, Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Tess is seduced by the wealthy Alec D’Urberville, to whom she resorts in the hope of helping her poverty-stricken family. Tess goes to Tabothays and is employed as a dairymaid. There she meets Angel Clare, an intellectual, freethinking son of a clergyman, who is learning the business of a farmer.